Porcine Nose Atrophy Assessed by Automatic Imaging and Detection of <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Lung and Nose

Porcine Nose Atrophy Assessed by Automatic Imaging and Detection of <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Lung and Nose

The nasal mucosa is a crucial filtering organ to prevent attachment and invasion of pathogens. To assess nasal health in relation to lung health, transverse cross sections of the nasal turbinates of 121 pigs suffering from respiratory disease and sent for diagnostic necropsy were scored visually and...

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Main Authors: Hanna Lichterfeld, Sara Trittmacher, Kathrin Gerdes, Kathrin Schmies, Joaquín Miguel, Irene Galé, Alba Puigredon Fontanet, Isaac Ballarà, Krista Marie Tenbrink, Isabel Hennig-Pauka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
lung health
nasal lesion score
nose deformities
respiratory disease
swine
<i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/21/3113
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Summary:The nasal mucosa is a crucial filtering organ to prevent attachment and invasion of pathogens. To assess nasal health in relation to lung health, transverse cross sections of the nasal turbinates of 121 pigs suffering from respiratory disease and sent for diagnostic necropsy were scored visually and by an artificial intelligence (AI) medical diagnostic application (AI DIAGNOS), resulting in a high correlation of both scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Nasal samples of the diseased pigs were examined only for <i>Bordetella</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>bronchiseptica</i> (PCR and bacteriological culture) and <i>Pasteurella</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>multocida</i> (bacteriological culture). All pigs showed various degrees of inflammatory lung tissue alterations, and 35.5% of the pigs had atrophy of the nasal turbinates with no relation to detection rates of <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> (54.5%) and <i>P. multocida</i> (29.0%) in the nose. All <i>P. multocida</i> strains from nose samples were negative for the <i>toxA</i> gene so non-progressive atrophic rhinitis was diagnosed. Pigs positive for <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> in the nose were more often positive for <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> in the lung (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and for other bacterial species in the lower respiratory tract (<i>p</i> = 0.005). The new diagnostic application for scoring cross sections of nasal turbinates is a valuable tool for a fast and reproducible diagnostic.
ISSN:2076-2615

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