The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the ability of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with nontraumatic circulatory shock. We also attempted to assess the correlation between EtCO2 and other traditional vital signs an...

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Main Authors: R Abhiraj, Meera Ekka, Aravind Sreekumar, Praveen Aggarwal, Nayer Jamshed, Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi, Maroof Ahmed Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjem.tjem_223_24
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author R Abhiraj
Meera Ekka
Aravind Sreekumar
Praveen Aggarwal
Nayer Jamshed
Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi
Maroof Ahmed Khan
author_facet R Abhiraj
Meera Ekka
Aravind Sreekumar
Praveen Aggarwal
Nayer Jamshed
Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi
Maroof Ahmed Khan
author_sort R Abhiraj
collection DOAJ
description OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the ability of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with nontraumatic circulatory shock. We also attempted to assess the correlation between EtCO2 and other traditional vital signs and laboratory parameters in this patient population at different time points during their resuscitation. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective observational study conducted among patients with nontraumatic circulatory shock who presented to the ED of a tertiary care teaching institute in India. EtCO2 measurement was done using mainstream capnography in both intubated and nonintubated patients at presentation and at 120 min of resuscitation. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and laboratory parameters (lactate, base deficit [BD], and partial pressure of carbon dioxide) were measured at the same time points. All patients were followed up till hospital discharge. RESULTS: One hundred and ten patients were recruited to the study. An EtCO2 of ≤ 23 mm Hg at presentation was 87% sensitive (95% CI: 73-95 %) and 43% specific (95% CI: 31-56 %) in predicting in-hospital mortality of patients presenting with no-traumatic circulatory shock in emergency department [area under curve (AUC): 0.735 (95% CI: 0.638-0.832, p<0.001)]. EtCO2 ≥23 mmHg at presentation had a significant predictive value on the risk of in-hospital mortality with an adjusted odd’s ratio of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.3, P < 0.001). EtCO2 values at presentation and 120 min as well as the change between the time points showed statistically significant weak-to-moderate positive correlations with corresponding values of MAP and BD. Similarly, a significant negative correlation was demonstrated with lactate levels at the same time points. CONCLUSION: EtCO2 values at presentation are an independent predictor of inhospital mortality of patients with circulatory shock of nontraumatic etiology presenting to the ED.
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spelling doaj-art-1d5a39b297db4bf5a8f28f87491e6f2f2025-08-21T12:35:40ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsTurkish Journal of Emergency Medicine2452-24732025-07-0125319920710.4103/tjem.tjem_223_24The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational studyR AbhirajMeera EkkaAravind SreekumarPraveen AggarwalNayer JamshedSanjeev Kumar BhoiMaroof Ahmed KhanOBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the ability of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with nontraumatic circulatory shock. We also attempted to assess the correlation between EtCO2 and other traditional vital signs and laboratory parameters in this patient population at different time points during their resuscitation. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective observational study conducted among patients with nontraumatic circulatory shock who presented to the ED of a tertiary care teaching institute in India. EtCO2 measurement was done using mainstream capnography in both intubated and nonintubated patients at presentation and at 120 min of resuscitation. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and laboratory parameters (lactate, base deficit [BD], and partial pressure of carbon dioxide) were measured at the same time points. All patients were followed up till hospital discharge. RESULTS: One hundred and ten patients were recruited to the study. An EtCO2 of ≤ 23 mm Hg at presentation was 87% sensitive (95% CI: 73-95 %) and 43% specific (95% CI: 31-56 %) in predicting in-hospital mortality of patients presenting with no-traumatic circulatory shock in emergency department [area under curve (AUC): 0.735 (95% CI: 0.638-0.832, p<0.001)]. EtCO2 ≥23 mmHg at presentation had a significant predictive value on the risk of in-hospital mortality with an adjusted odd’s ratio of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.3, P < 0.001). EtCO2 values at presentation and 120 min as well as the change between the time points showed statistically significant weak-to-moderate positive correlations with corresponding values of MAP and BD. Similarly, a significant negative correlation was demonstrated with lactate levels at the same time points. CONCLUSION: EtCO2 values at presentation are an independent predictor of inhospital mortality of patients with circulatory shock of nontraumatic etiology presenting to the ED.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjem.tjem_223_24capnographyemergency departmentinhospital mortalityshock
spellingShingle R Abhiraj
Meera Ekka
Aravind Sreekumar
Praveen Aggarwal
Nayer Jamshed
Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi
Maroof Ahmed Khan
The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study
Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
capnography
emergency department
inhospital mortality
shock
title The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study
title_full The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study
title_fullStr The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study
title_full_unstemmed The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study
title_short The utility of monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock: A prospective observational study
title_sort utility of monitoring end tidal carbon dioxide in emergency department to predict inhospital mortality of patients presenting with nontraumatic shock a prospective observational study
topic capnography
emergency department
inhospital mortality
shock
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjem.tjem_223_24
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