The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study
Abstract Background Self-efficacy mediates between knowledge and behaviour and is related to professional competence. It is very important to provide students with episiotomy skills, which are among the most important practices of midwives, and to increase their self-efficacy in this regard. Aim The...
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2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03578-9 |
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| author | Büşra Yolcu Zeliha Demir Kaymak Zekiye Turan Yasemin Hamlaci Başkaya |
| author_facet | Büşra Yolcu Zeliha Demir Kaymak Zekiye Turan Yasemin Hamlaci Başkaya |
| author_sort | Büşra Yolcu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Self-efficacy mediates between knowledge and behaviour and is related to professional competence. It is very important to provide students with episiotomy skills, which are among the most important practices of midwives, and to increase their self-efficacy in this regard. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool that measures the self-efficacy of midwives regarding episiotomy application, one of the most critical tasks of midwives, in terms of cognitive, affective, motivational and psychomotor aspects. Methods This methodological study was conducted with midwifery students in their 2nd, 3rd and 4th years. A sociodemographic information form and a draft episiotomy self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. Factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and item–total score correlations were used to evaluate the data and two levels of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted in the study. Results The results of second-level CFA indicated the emergence of a structure consisting of seventeen items and four sub-dimensions. The factor loadings of the scale exhibited a range of 0.62–0.93. The goodness-of-fit index values were: RMSEA, 0.079; CFI, 0.961; AGFI, 0.834; and GFI, 0.875. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was found to be 0.955 and the corrected item–total correlations of the items were between 0.573 and 0.810. Conclusions It was concluded that the overall scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for midwifery students. Further studies are recommended to assess the validity and reliability of the scale using item pools in different languages. Relevance to clinical practice Self-efficacy mediates between knowledge and behaviour and is related to professional competence. Therefore, determination of self-efficacy related to practices plays a major role in the way education is transferred. In this study, a scale was developed that measures individuals’ episiotomy self-efficacy. This scale can distinguish between individuals with high or low episiotomy self-efficacy and individuals who take episiotomy course or not. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1ccb702e5f92454ab1d6af6fab16db5f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6955 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Nursing |
| spelling | doaj-art-1ccb702e5f92454ab1d6af6fab16db5f2025-08-20T03:04:23ZengBMCBMC Nursing1472-69552025-07-0124111110.1186/s12912-025-03578-9The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development studyBüşra Yolcu0Zeliha Demir Kaymak1Zekiye Turan2Yasemin Hamlaci Başkaya3Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya UniversityDepartment of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies, Faculty of Education, Sakarya UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya UniversityDepartment of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya UniversityAbstract Background Self-efficacy mediates between knowledge and behaviour and is related to professional competence. It is very important to provide students with episiotomy skills, which are among the most important practices of midwives, and to increase their self-efficacy in this regard. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool that measures the self-efficacy of midwives regarding episiotomy application, one of the most critical tasks of midwives, in terms of cognitive, affective, motivational and psychomotor aspects. Methods This methodological study was conducted with midwifery students in their 2nd, 3rd and 4th years. A sociodemographic information form and a draft episiotomy self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. Factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and item–total score correlations were used to evaluate the data and two levels of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted in the study. Results The results of second-level CFA indicated the emergence of a structure consisting of seventeen items and four sub-dimensions. The factor loadings of the scale exhibited a range of 0.62–0.93. The goodness-of-fit index values were: RMSEA, 0.079; CFI, 0.961; AGFI, 0.834; and GFI, 0.875. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was found to be 0.955 and the corrected item–total correlations of the items were between 0.573 and 0.810. Conclusions It was concluded that the overall scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for midwifery students. Further studies are recommended to assess the validity and reliability of the scale using item pools in different languages. Relevance to clinical practice Self-efficacy mediates between knowledge and behaviour and is related to professional competence. Therefore, determination of self-efficacy related to practices plays a major role in the way education is transferred. In this study, a scale was developed that measures individuals’ episiotomy self-efficacy. This scale can distinguish between individuals with high or low episiotomy self-efficacy and individuals who take episiotomy course or not. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03578-9EpisiotomySelf-efficacyScale developmentMidwifery |
| spellingShingle | Büşra Yolcu Zeliha Demir Kaymak Zekiye Turan Yasemin Hamlaci Başkaya The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study BMC Nursing Episiotomy Self-efficacy Scale development Midwifery |
| title | The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study |
| title_full | The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study |
| title_fullStr | The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study |
| title_short | The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study |
| title_sort | episiotomy self efficacy scale a scale development study |
| topic | Episiotomy Self-efficacy Scale development Midwifery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03578-9 |
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