Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations
The carpal gland is an important exocrine gland in pigs, functioning mainly through diverticula that release strongly odorous secretions. The size of the carpal gland and the number of diverticula may be related to its function. To measure its size, the gland must be dissected from the foreleg, and...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Dengshuai Cui Naibiao Yu Sanya Xiong Ruiqiu He Shijun Xiao Longyun Li Yuanmei Guo |
| author_facet | Dengshuai Cui Naibiao Yu Sanya Xiong Ruiqiu He Shijun Xiao Longyun Li Yuanmei Guo |
| author_sort | Dengshuai Cui |
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| description | The carpal gland is an important exocrine gland in pigs, functioning mainly through diverticula that release strongly odorous secretions. The size of the carpal gland and the number of diverticula may be related to its function. To measure its size, the gland must be dissected from the foreleg, and this procedure is time-consuming and cumbersome. The diverticulum is the outlet of the carpal gland, and its number correlates with the carpal gland size, but the correlation coefficient between them is still unknown. To explore the relationship between the size and diverticular number of the carpal gland, 788 pigs from four populations were used in this study. The length, width, thickness, weight and volume of the carpal gland were measured, together with its diverticular number. The phenotypic correlation coefficient between each pair of the recorded traits was calculated, and a two-factor analysis of variance was used to test whether sex and population have effects on the phenotypes. The carpal gland is a flat small stick with a length of 1.8–8.6 cm, width of 0.6–2.5 cm, and thickness of 0.2–0.8 cm, and its specific gravity is 0.51–1.36. Each carpal gland has 0 to 10 diverticula, and 82.3% carpal glands have 2–6 diverticula. The diverticular number correlates positively with the weight (<i>r</i> = 0.57 and <i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.58, <i>p</i> < 2.2 × 10<sup>−16</sup>) and volume (<i>r</i> = 0.55 and <i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.56, <i>p</i> < 2.2 × 10<sup>−16</sup>). Population and sex only explain 20% of the phenotypic variance, suggesting that the 80% of carpal gland influences remain unknown. In conclusion, the diverticular number can be used as a proxy for the weightand volume of the carpal gland, because it is easy to count and has a significant positive correlation with the size of thecarpal gland. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1c774b80e17a48adb39668d11228689c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-1c774b80e17a48adb39668d11228689c2024-11-26T17:45:50ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011422323110.3390/ani14223231Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) PopulationsDengshuai Cui0Naibiao Yu1Sanya Xiong2Ruiqiu He3Shijun Xiao4Longyun Li5Yuanmei Guo6National Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaThe carpal gland is an important exocrine gland in pigs, functioning mainly through diverticula that release strongly odorous secretions. The size of the carpal gland and the number of diverticula may be related to its function. To measure its size, the gland must be dissected from the foreleg, and this procedure is time-consuming and cumbersome. The diverticulum is the outlet of the carpal gland, and its number correlates with the carpal gland size, but the correlation coefficient between them is still unknown. To explore the relationship between the size and diverticular number of the carpal gland, 788 pigs from four populations were used in this study. The length, width, thickness, weight and volume of the carpal gland were measured, together with its diverticular number. The phenotypic correlation coefficient between each pair of the recorded traits was calculated, and a two-factor analysis of variance was used to test whether sex and population have effects on the phenotypes. The carpal gland is a flat small stick with a length of 1.8–8.6 cm, width of 0.6–2.5 cm, and thickness of 0.2–0.8 cm, and its specific gravity is 0.51–1.36. Each carpal gland has 0 to 10 diverticula, and 82.3% carpal glands have 2–6 diverticula. The diverticular number correlates positively with the weight (<i>r</i> = 0.57 and <i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.58, <i>p</i> < 2.2 × 10<sup>−16</sup>) and volume (<i>r</i> = 0.55 and <i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.56, <i>p</i> < 2.2 × 10<sup>−16</sup>). Population and sex only explain 20% of the phenotypic variance, suggesting that the 80% of carpal gland influences remain unknown. In conclusion, the diverticular number can be used as a proxy for the weightand volume of the carpal gland, because it is easy to count and has a significant positive correlation with the size of thecarpal gland.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3231pigcarpal glanddiverticular numberweightvolumecorrelation coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Dengshuai Cui Naibiao Yu Sanya Xiong Ruiqiu He Shijun Xiao Longyun Li Yuanmei Guo Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations Animals pig carpal gland diverticular number weight volume correlation coefficient |
| title | Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations |
| title_full | Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations |
| title_short | Exploring the Relationship Between the Size and Diverticular Number of Carpal Gland in Four Pig (<i>Sus Scrofa</i>) Populations |
| title_sort | exploring the relationship between the size and diverticular number of carpal gland in four pig i sus scrofa i populations |
| topic | pig carpal gland diverticular number weight volume correlation coefficient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3231 |
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