Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach

Abstract Background Gene fusions exist with low prevalence in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the clinical utility of fusion testing in advanced CRC remains unclear. We sought to identify oncogenic fusions in patients with advanced CRC using a fusion partner-agnostic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay...

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Main Authors: Andrew J. Pellatt, Reagan M. Barnett, Sante Gnerre, Kristin Edwards, Jason A. Willis, Michael J. Overmann, Kanwal Raghav, Christine M. Parseghian, Arvind Dasari, M. Pia Morelli, Alisha Bent, Madhulika Eluri, Nicholas Hornstein, Leylah M. Drusbosky, Scott Kopetz, Van K. Morris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14117-9
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author Andrew J. Pellatt
Reagan M. Barnett
Sante Gnerre
Kristin Edwards
Jason A. Willis
Michael J. Overmann
Kanwal Raghav
Christine M. Parseghian
Arvind Dasari
M. Pia Morelli
Alisha Bent
Madhulika Eluri
Nicholas Hornstein
Leylah M. Drusbosky
Scott Kopetz
Van K. Morris
author_facet Andrew J. Pellatt
Reagan M. Barnett
Sante Gnerre
Kristin Edwards
Jason A. Willis
Michael J. Overmann
Kanwal Raghav
Christine M. Parseghian
Arvind Dasari
M. Pia Morelli
Alisha Bent
Madhulika Eluri
Nicholas Hornstein
Leylah M. Drusbosky
Scott Kopetz
Van K. Morris
author_sort Andrew J. Pellatt
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Gene fusions exist with low prevalence in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the clinical utility of fusion testing in advanced CRC remains unclear. We sought to identify oncogenic fusions in patients with advanced CRC using a fusion partner-agnostic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay to better understand their clinical relevance. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis using de-identified data from 18,558 patients with advanced CRC who underwent ctDNA next-generation sequencing with Guardant360® from 2017 to 2022. These samples were subsequently reanalyzed with a partner-agnostic bioinformatics method to identify both clonal and non-clonal fusions. We analyzed for associations between fusions and MSI-H status, as well prior EGFR-directed therapy signature. Results Fusions were identified in 221 (1.3%) of CRC patients analyzed. 193 patients had 258 activating fusions, while 28 patients had fusions of uncertain significance. Among patients with activating fusions, there were 18 clonal fusions (7%) and 240 (93%) subclonal fusions. Clonal fusions were more common in patients with MSI-H status, and subclonal fusions were associated with prior EGFR exposure signature. Conclusions Among patients with advanced CRC, partner-agnostic ctDNA fusion detection is possible and improves identification as a blood-based approach by extension of fusion calling partners. Detection of fusions in the ctDNA may provide rationale for potential therapeutic strategies according to clonality as informed by the ctDNA, whereas subclonal fusions may play a role in acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild−type tumors.
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spelling doaj-art-1c69a8a7b2d54f558087ae07e6e2fdc72025-08-20T03:45:52ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-07-0125111010.1186/s12885-025-14117-9Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approachAndrew J. Pellatt0Reagan M. Barnett1Sante Gnerre2Kristin Edwards3Jason A. Willis4Michael J. Overmann5Kanwal Raghav6Christine M. Parseghian7Arvind Dasari8M. Pia Morelli9Alisha Bent10Madhulika Eluri11Nicholas HornsteinLeylah M. Drusbosky12Scott Kopetz13Van K. Morris14Intermountain HealthGuardant Health, Inc.Guardant Health, Inc.Guardant Health, Inc.University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterGuardant Health, Inc.University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterAbstract Background Gene fusions exist with low prevalence in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the clinical utility of fusion testing in advanced CRC remains unclear. We sought to identify oncogenic fusions in patients with advanced CRC using a fusion partner-agnostic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay to better understand their clinical relevance. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis using de-identified data from 18,558 patients with advanced CRC who underwent ctDNA next-generation sequencing with Guardant360® from 2017 to 2022. These samples were subsequently reanalyzed with a partner-agnostic bioinformatics method to identify both clonal and non-clonal fusions. We analyzed for associations between fusions and MSI-H status, as well prior EGFR-directed therapy signature. Results Fusions were identified in 221 (1.3%) of CRC patients analyzed. 193 patients had 258 activating fusions, while 28 patients had fusions of uncertain significance. Among patients with activating fusions, there were 18 clonal fusions (7%) and 240 (93%) subclonal fusions. Clonal fusions were more common in patients with MSI-H status, and subclonal fusions were associated with prior EGFR exposure signature. Conclusions Among patients with advanced CRC, partner-agnostic ctDNA fusion detection is possible and improves identification as a blood-based approach by extension of fusion calling partners. Detection of fusions in the ctDNA may provide rationale for potential therapeutic strategies according to clonality as informed by the ctDNA, whereas subclonal fusions may play a role in acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild−type tumors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14117-9Colorectal cancerFusionEGFRctDNA
spellingShingle Andrew J. Pellatt
Reagan M. Barnett
Sante Gnerre
Kristin Edwards
Jason A. Willis
Michael J. Overmann
Kanwal Raghav
Christine M. Parseghian
Arvind Dasari
M. Pia Morelli
Alisha Bent
Madhulika Eluri
Nicholas Hornstein
Leylah M. Drusbosky
Scott Kopetz
Van K. Morris
Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach
BMC Cancer
Colorectal cancer
Fusion
EGFR
ctDNA
title Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach
title_full Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach
title_fullStr Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach
title_full_unstemmed Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach
title_short Detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner-agnostic next-generation sequencing approach
title_sort detection of oncogenic fusions in colorectal cancer using a partner agnostic next generation sequencing approach
topic Colorectal cancer
Fusion
EGFR
ctDNA
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14117-9
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