Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance

Physical simulations of single-pass welding on lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) 2404 were performed to obtain heat-affected zones (HAZs) at different cooling rates (200–1 °C/s) to evaluate the effects on microstructure changes and corrosion resistance. The findings showed that fast cooling rates r...

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Main Authors: C.L. Kugelmeier, R. Silva, A.A. Mendes Filho, R. Magnabosco, A.M. Kliauga, C.A.D. Rovere
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424026462
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author C.L. Kugelmeier
R. Silva
A.A. Mendes Filho
R. Magnabosco
A.M. Kliauga
C.A.D. Rovere
author_facet C.L. Kugelmeier
R. Silva
A.A. Mendes Filho
R. Magnabosco
A.M. Kliauga
C.A.D. Rovere
author_sort C.L. Kugelmeier
collection DOAJ
description Physical simulations of single-pass welding on lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) 2404 were performed to obtain heat-affected zones (HAZs) at different cooling rates (200–1 °C/s) to evaluate the effects on microstructure changes and corrosion resistance. The findings showed that fast cooling rates resulted in insufficient austenite formation. The austenite mainly consisted of grain boundary austenite (GBA), Widmanstätten austenite (WA), and intragranular austenite (IGA). For the highest cooling rate, there was a remarkable precipitation of high-temperature Cr nitrides (Cr2N) and a high degree of sensitization (14.90%), significantly impairing the corrosion resistance. The influence of these Cr2N on LDSS 2404 was shown to be influenced by their amount, distribution, the region where precipitation occurred (α/α boundaries and α/γ interfaces), and the cooling rates applied.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-1c1a14bb0d654c47b92c7475cf6f5d892024-12-26T08:55:37ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-013375187533Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistanceC.L. Kugelmeier0R. Silva1A.A. Mendes Filho2R. Magnabosco3A.M. Kliauga4C.A.D. Rovere5Munir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Brazil; Corresponding author. Munir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.Munir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, BrazilEngineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210580, Santo André, SP, BrazilDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ignatian Educational Foundation – FEI, Av. Humberto A. C. Branco, 3972, 09850-901, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, BrazilFederal University of São Carlos, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, BrazilMunir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Brazil; Corresponding author. Munir Rachid Corrosion Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil,Physical simulations of single-pass welding on lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) 2404 were performed to obtain heat-affected zones (HAZs) at different cooling rates (200–1 °C/s) to evaluate the effects on microstructure changes and corrosion resistance. The findings showed that fast cooling rates resulted in insufficient austenite formation. The austenite mainly consisted of grain boundary austenite (GBA), Widmanstätten austenite (WA), and intragranular austenite (IGA). For the highest cooling rate, there was a remarkable precipitation of high-temperature Cr nitrides (Cr2N) and a high degree of sensitization (14.90%), significantly impairing the corrosion resistance. The influence of these Cr2N on LDSS 2404 was shown to be influenced by their amount, distribution, the region where precipitation occurred (α/α boundaries and α/γ interfaces), and the cooling rates applied.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424026462Lean duplex stainless steel 2404Physical simulationHeat-affected zoneCooling rateMicrostructure evolutionPitting corrosion resistance
spellingShingle C.L. Kugelmeier
R. Silva
A.A. Mendes Filho
R. Magnabosco
A.M. Kliauga
C.A.D. Rovere
Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Lean duplex stainless steel 2404
Physical simulation
Heat-affected zone
Cooling rate
Microstructure evolution
Pitting corrosion resistance
title Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
title_full Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
title_fullStr Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
title_full_unstemmed Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
title_short Gleeble® simulation of the heat-affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404: Understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
title_sort gleeble r simulation of the heat affected zones in lean duplex stainless steel 2404 understanding the effect of cooling rates on microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance
topic Lean duplex stainless steel 2404
Physical simulation
Heat-affected zone
Cooling rate
Microstructure evolution
Pitting corrosion resistance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424026462
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