Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenici...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1328 |
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| author | Rocco Scarmozzino Giovanna Zanoni Alessandra Arcolaci Rachele Ciccocioppo |
| author_facet | Rocco Scarmozzino Giovanna Zanoni Alessandra Arcolaci Rachele Ciccocioppo |
| author_sort | Rocco Scarmozzino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. The published articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the terms “celiac disease”, “efficacy”, “hyposplenism”, “immune response”, “infections”, “immunization”, “immunogenicity”, “safety”, “vaccination”, and “vaccine”. CD can be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD), altered mucosal permeability, and hyposplenism. These conditions entail an increased risk of infections, which can be prevented by targeted vaccinations, although specific recommendations on immunization practices for subjects with CD have not been released. Regarding vaccinations, the immune response to the <i>Hepatitis B virus</i> (HBV) vaccine can be impaired in patients with CD; therefore, proposed strategies to elicit and maintain protective specific antibody titers are summarized. For patients with conditions that put them at risk of infections, vaccinations against <i>Pneumococcus</i> and other encapsulated bacteria should be recommended. Based on the available evidence, the <i>Rotavirus</i> vaccine offered to children could be useful in preventing CD in at-risk subjects. Overall, except for the HBV vaccine, vaccine efficacy in patients with CD is comparable to that in the general population, and no safety concerns have arisen. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1b53c9a42f9044c2a7ee74928bd4f5ef |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b53c9a42f9044c2a7ee74928bd4f5ef2024-12-27T14:57:52ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-11-011212132810.3390/vaccines12121328Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac DiseaseRocco Scarmozzino0Giovanna Zanoni1Alessandra Arcolaci2Rachele Ciccocioppo3Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyImmunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyImmunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyGastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. The published articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the terms “celiac disease”, “efficacy”, “hyposplenism”, “immune response”, “infections”, “immunization”, “immunogenicity”, “safety”, “vaccination”, and “vaccine”. CD can be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD), altered mucosal permeability, and hyposplenism. These conditions entail an increased risk of infections, which can be prevented by targeted vaccinations, although specific recommendations on immunization practices for subjects with CD have not been released. Regarding vaccinations, the immune response to the <i>Hepatitis B virus</i> (HBV) vaccine can be impaired in patients with CD; therefore, proposed strategies to elicit and maintain protective specific antibody titers are summarized. For patients with conditions that put them at risk of infections, vaccinations against <i>Pneumococcus</i> and other encapsulated bacteria should be recommended. Based on the available evidence, the <i>Rotavirus</i> vaccine offered to children could be useful in preventing CD in at-risk subjects. Overall, except for the HBV vaccine, vaccine efficacy in patients with CD is comparable to that in the general population, and no safety concerns have arisen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1328celiac diseaseefficacyhyposplenismimmunizationinfectionssafety |
| spellingShingle | Rocco Scarmozzino Giovanna Zanoni Alessandra Arcolaci Rachele Ciccocioppo Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease Vaccines celiac disease efficacy hyposplenism immunization infections safety |
| title | Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease |
| title_full | Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease |
| title_fullStr | Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease |
| title_short | Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease |
| title_sort | vaccine efficacy and safety in patients with celiac disease |
| topic | celiac disease efficacy hyposplenism immunization infections safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1328 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT roccoscarmozzino vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease AT giovannazanoni vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease AT alessandraarcolaci vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease AT racheleciccocioppo vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease |