Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenici...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rocco Scarmozzino, Giovanna Zanoni, Alessandra Arcolaci, Rachele Ciccocioppo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1328
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846102475005755392
author Rocco Scarmozzino
Giovanna Zanoni
Alessandra Arcolaci
Rachele Ciccocioppo
author_facet Rocco Scarmozzino
Giovanna Zanoni
Alessandra Arcolaci
Rachele Ciccocioppo
author_sort Rocco Scarmozzino
collection DOAJ
description Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. The published articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the terms “celiac disease”, “efficacy”, “hyposplenism”, “immune response”, “infections”, “immunization”, “immunogenicity”, “safety”, “vaccination”, and “vaccine”. CD can be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD), altered mucosal permeability, and hyposplenism. These conditions entail an increased risk of infections, which can be prevented by targeted vaccinations, although specific recommendations on immunization practices for subjects with CD have not been released. Regarding vaccinations, the immune response to the <i>Hepatitis B virus</i> (HBV) vaccine can be impaired in patients with CD; therefore, proposed strategies to elicit and maintain protective specific antibody titers are summarized. For patients with conditions that put them at risk of infections, vaccinations against <i>Pneumococcus</i> and other encapsulated bacteria should be recommended. Based on the available evidence, the <i>Rotavirus</i> vaccine offered to children could be useful in preventing CD in at-risk subjects. Overall, except for the HBV vaccine, vaccine efficacy in patients with CD is comparable to that in the general population, and no safety concerns have arisen.
format Article
id doaj-art-1b53c9a42f9044c2a7ee74928bd4f5ef
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-393X
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Vaccines
spelling doaj-art-1b53c9a42f9044c2a7ee74928bd4f5ef2024-12-27T14:57:52ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-11-011212132810.3390/vaccines12121328Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac DiseaseRocco Scarmozzino0Giovanna Zanoni1Alessandra Arcolaci2Rachele Ciccocioppo3Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyImmunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyImmunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyGastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. The published articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the terms “celiac disease”, “efficacy”, “hyposplenism”, “immune response”, “infections”, “immunization”, “immunogenicity”, “safety”, “vaccination”, and “vaccine”. CD can be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD), altered mucosal permeability, and hyposplenism. These conditions entail an increased risk of infections, which can be prevented by targeted vaccinations, although specific recommendations on immunization practices for subjects with CD have not been released. Regarding vaccinations, the immune response to the <i>Hepatitis B virus</i> (HBV) vaccine can be impaired in patients with CD; therefore, proposed strategies to elicit and maintain protective specific antibody titers are summarized. For patients with conditions that put them at risk of infections, vaccinations against <i>Pneumococcus</i> and other encapsulated bacteria should be recommended. Based on the available evidence, the <i>Rotavirus</i> vaccine offered to children could be useful in preventing CD in at-risk subjects. Overall, except for the HBV vaccine, vaccine efficacy in patients with CD is comparable to that in the general population, and no safety concerns have arisen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1328celiac diseaseefficacyhyposplenismimmunizationinfectionssafety
spellingShingle Rocco Scarmozzino
Giovanna Zanoni
Alessandra Arcolaci
Rachele Ciccocioppo
Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
Vaccines
celiac disease
efficacy
hyposplenism
immunization
infections
safety
title Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
title_full Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
title_fullStr Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
title_full_unstemmed Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
title_short Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease
title_sort vaccine efficacy and safety in patients with celiac disease
topic celiac disease
efficacy
hyposplenism
immunization
infections
safety
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1328
work_keys_str_mv AT roccoscarmozzino vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease
AT giovannazanoni vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease
AT alessandraarcolaci vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease
AT racheleciccocioppo vaccineefficacyandsafetyinpatientswithceliacdisease