Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women

IntroductionMost brain imaging studies on olfaction focus on short-term odorant stimuli, with few examining long-lasting odor exposure or its after-effects. In this study, we utilized resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) to investigate the effects of prolonged odor exposure to lavender on brain activity and...

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Main Authors: Ron Kupers, Océane Dousteyssier, Jérôme Delforge, Vanessa Gonnot, Kevin Kantono, Bernard Blerot, Arnaud Pêtre, Laurence Dricot, Armin Heinecke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1555922/full
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author Ron Kupers
Ron Kupers
Océane Dousteyssier
Jérôme Delforge
Vanessa Gonnot
Kevin Kantono
Bernard Blerot
Arnaud Pêtre
Laurence Dricot
Armin Heinecke
Armin Heinecke
author_facet Ron Kupers
Ron Kupers
Océane Dousteyssier
Jérôme Delforge
Vanessa Gonnot
Kevin Kantono
Bernard Blerot
Arnaud Pêtre
Laurence Dricot
Armin Heinecke
Armin Heinecke
author_sort Ron Kupers
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionMost brain imaging studies on olfaction focus on short-term odorant stimuli, with few examining long-lasting odor exposure or its after-effects. In this study, we utilized resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) to investigate the effects of prolonged odor exposure to lavender on brain activity and whether these persist post-exposure.MethodsFourteen healthy women underwent two fMRI sessions, conducted one week apart, in a randomized order. Both sessions included rsfMRI scans before, during, and up to 2 h after a 14 min exposure to either lavender essential oil or a non-odorant control.ResultsAn Independent Component Analysis identified the salience network (SAL) and default mode network (DMN) as the most consistent resting-state networks. A two-factorial ANOVA revealed significant time-varying interaction effects between the SAL and DMN. During odor exposure, functional connectivity (FC) increased within the SAL, and a negative correlation between the SAL and DMN appeared, which intensified immediately after exposure. Two hours post-exposure, the FC between SAL and DMN turned positive.DiscussionThese findings suggest that prolonged odorant exposure to lavender can induce long-lasting brain effects detectable up to 2 h afterwards in women. This proof-of-concept study should be extended to other odorants and to men, and offers new possibilities for exploring the effects of aromatherapy or other odor exposure interventions on brain activity.
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spelling doaj-art-1b41ec64fd2a46ffaf9a5829c676588d2025-08-20T03:46:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-06-011910.3389/fnins.2025.15559221555922Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy womenRon Kupers0Ron Kupers1Océane Dousteyssier2Jérôme Delforge3Vanessa Gonnot4Kevin Kantono5Bernard Blerot6Arnaud Pêtre7Laurence Dricot8Armin Heinecke9Armin Heinecke10Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkBrain Impact, Consumer Neuroscience, Auderghem, BelgiumBrain Impact, Consumer Neuroscience, Auderghem, BelgiumLMR Naturals By IFF, Grasse, FranceIFF, Hilversum, NetherlandsLMR Naturals By IFF, Grasse, FranceBrain Impact, Consumer Neuroscience, Auderghem, BelgiumInstitute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, BelgiumBrain Impact, Consumer Neuroscience, Auderghem, BelgiumNIRx Medizintechnik Gmbh, Berlin, GermanyIntroductionMost brain imaging studies on olfaction focus on short-term odorant stimuli, with few examining long-lasting odor exposure or its after-effects. In this study, we utilized resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) to investigate the effects of prolonged odor exposure to lavender on brain activity and whether these persist post-exposure.MethodsFourteen healthy women underwent two fMRI sessions, conducted one week apart, in a randomized order. Both sessions included rsfMRI scans before, during, and up to 2 h after a 14 min exposure to either lavender essential oil or a non-odorant control.ResultsAn Independent Component Analysis identified the salience network (SAL) and default mode network (DMN) as the most consistent resting-state networks. A two-factorial ANOVA revealed significant time-varying interaction effects between the SAL and DMN. During odor exposure, functional connectivity (FC) increased within the SAL, and a negative correlation between the SAL and DMN appeared, which intensified immediately after exposure. Two hours post-exposure, the FC between SAL and DMN turned positive.DiscussionThese findings suggest that prolonged odorant exposure to lavender can induce long-lasting brain effects detectable up to 2 h afterwards in women. This proof-of-concept study should be extended to other odorants and to men, and offers new possibilities for exploring the effects of aromatherapy or other odor exposure interventions on brain activity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1555922/fullolfactory connectomeresting state functional MRI (rsfMRI)salience network (SAL)default mode network (DMN)Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
spellingShingle Ron Kupers
Ron Kupers
Océane Dousteyssier
Jérôme Delforge
Vanessa Gonnot
Kevin Kantono
Bernard Blerot
Arnaud Pêtre
Laurence Dricot
Armin Heinecke
Armin Heinecke
Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women
Frontiers in Neuroscience
olfactory connectome
resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI)
salience network (SAL)
default mode network (DMN)
Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
title Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women
title_full Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women
title_fullStr Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women
title_full_unstemmed Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women
title_short Long-lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting-state networks in healthy women
title_sort long lasting effects of lavender exposure on brain resting state networks in healthy women
topic olfactory connectome
resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI)
salience network (SAL)
default mode network (DMN)
Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1555922/full
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