Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review

Introduction and purpose: Meldonium is a long-established substance. Initially, the substance was only available in the former Soviet Union; now the drug can be obtained, for example, in Poland. Originally, its action was observed in the cardiovascular system as an antianginal drug. Today meldon...

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Main Authors: Michał Ochwat, Katarzyna Dąbek, Maria Sudoł, Martyna Piekarska, Anna Skowronek, Gabriela Mierzwa, Aleksandra Kajtel, Maria Ochwat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2024-12-01
Series:Quality in Sport
Subjects:
Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/56339
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author Michał Ochwat
Katarzyna Dąbek
Maria Sudoł
Martyna Piekarska
Anna Skowronek
Gabriela Mierzwa
Aleksandra Kajtel
Maria Ochwat
author_facet Michał Ochwat
Katarzyna Dąbek
Maria Sudoł
Martyna Piekarska
Anna Skowronek
Gabriela Mierzwa
Aleksandra Kajtel
Maria Ochwat
author_sort Michał Ochwat
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and purpose: Meldonium is a long-established substance. Initially, the substance was only available in the former Soviet Union; now the drug can be obtained, for example, in Poland. Originally, its action was observed in the cardiovascular system as an antianginal drug. Today meldonium is already being used in ischaemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. This review provides exhaustive account of the pharmacological properties and clinical applications of the drug meldonium, with a particular emphasis on its biochemical effects, pharmacokinetics, and potential for performance enhancement in athletes. Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords. Description of the state of knowledge: Meldonium acts as a γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor, preventing de novo synthesis of carnitine and its absorption at the intestinal level. This leads to inhibition of ß-oxidation and activation of glycolysis, which is recognised as an anti-ischaemic and cardioprotective mechanism. The results of studies indicate the potential of this drug for the treatment of neurological and ischemic conditions. Meldonium is likely to improve performance in sport, which led to the compound's inclusion on the World Anti-Doping Association's list of banned substances. Conclusions: Despite the high potential shown in studies to date, new, more thorough studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of meldonium.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2450-3118
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
record_format Article
series Quality in Sport
spelling doaj-art-1b35a0cab74d4a41a9cac48a9b82cc072024-12-13T08:08:49ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182024-12-013510.12775/QS.2024.35.56339Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature ReviewMichał Ochwat0Katarzyna Dąbek1Maria Sudoł2Martyna Piekarska3Anna Skowronek4Gabriela Mierzwa5Aleksandra Kajtel6Maria Ochwat7Independent Public Health Care Facility No. 1 in Rzeszów, Czackiego 3, 35-051 RzeszówCounty Hospital in Strzyżów, 700-lecia 1, 38-100 Strzyżów5 Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic SPZOZ, Wrocławska 1-3, 30-901 KrakówIndependent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Krakow, Kronikarza Galla 25, 30-053 KrakówThe University Hospital in Krakow, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 KrakówNowodworskie Medical Center, Miodowa 2, 05-100 Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki The University Hospital in Krakow, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 KrakówCasimir Pulaski Radom University, Bolesława Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom Introduction and purpose: Meldonium is a long-established substance. Initially, the substance was only available in the former Soviet Union; now the drug can be obtained, for example, in Poland. Originally, its action was observed in the cardiovascular system as an antianginal drug. Today meldonium is already being used in ischaemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. This review provides exhaustive account of the pharmacological properties and clinical applications of the drug meldonium, with a particular emphasis on its biochemical effects, pharmacokinetics, and potential for performance enhancement in athletes. Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords. Description of the state of knowledge: Meldonium acts as a γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor, preventing de novo synthesis of carnitine and its absorption at the intestinal level. This leads to inhibition of ß-oxidation and activation of glycolysis, which is recognised as an anti-ischaemic and cardioprotective mechanism. The results of studies indicate the potential of this drug for the treatment of neurological and ischemic conditions. Meldonium is likely to improve performance in sport, which led to the compound's inclusion on the World Anti-Doping Association's list of banned substances. Conclusions: Despite the high potential shown in studies to date, new, more thorough studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of meldonium. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/56339meldoniumMildronateheart failuredopingprofessional athletes
spellingShingle Michał Ochwat
Katarzyna Dąbek
Maria Sudoł
Martyna Piekarska
Anna Skowronek
Gabriela Mierzwa
Aleksandra Kajtel
Maria Ochwat
Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
Quality in Sport
meldonium
Mildronate
heart failure
doping
professional athletes
title Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
title_full Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
title_fullStr Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
title_short Meldonium – A High Potential Drug. Literature Review
title_sort meldonium a high potential drug literature review
topic meldonium
Mildronate
heart failure
doping
professional athletes
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/56339
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AT katarzynadabek meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview
AT mariasudoł meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview
AT martynapiekarska meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview
AT annaskowronek meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview
AT gabrielamierzwa meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview
AT aleksandrakajtel meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview
AT mariaochwat meldoniumahighpotentialdrugliteraturereview