Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change
In agricultural production, droughts occurring during the crucial growth periods of crops hinder crop development, while the daily-scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (<i>SPEI</i>) can be applied to accurately identify the drought characteristics. In this study, we...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Tangzhe Nie Xiu Liu Peng Chen Lili Jiang Zhongyi Sun Shuai Yin Tianyi Wang Tiecheng Li Chong Du |
| author_facet | Tangzhe Nie Xiu Liu Peng Chen Lili Jiang Zhongyi Sun Shuai Yin Tianyi Wang Tiecheng Li Chong Du |
| author_sort | Tangzhe Nie |
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| description | In agricultural production, droughts occurring during the crucial growth periods of crops hinder crop development, while the daily-scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (<i>SPEI</i>) can be applied to accurately identify the drought characteristics. In this study, we used the statistical downscaling method to obtain the daily precipitation (<i>P<sub>r</sub></i>), maximum air temperature (<i>T<sub>max</sub></i>) and minimum air temperature (<i>T<sub>min</sub></i>) during the rice growing season in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2100 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in CMIP6, to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought during the rice growing season in cold region and the effect of climate change on drought characteristics. The potential evapotranspiration (<i>PET<sub>0</sub></i>) was calculated using the regression correction method of the Hargreaves formula recommended by the FAO, and the daily <i>SPEI</i> was calculated to quantitatively identify the drought classification. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the meteorological factors (<i>P<sub>r</sub></i>, <i>T<sub>max</sub></i>, <i>T<sub>min</sub></i>), <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> and <i>SPEI</i>. The results showed that: (1) Under 3 SSP scenarios, <i>P<sub>r</sub></i> showed an increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast, <i>T<sub>max</sub></i> showed an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest, and higher <i>T<sub>min</sub></i> was mainly distributed in the east and west regions. (2) <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> indicated an overall interannual rise in the three future SSP scenarios, with higher values mainly distributed in the central and western regions. The mean daily <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> values ranged from 4.8 to 6.0 mm/d. (3) Under SSP1-2.6, rice mainly experienced mild drought and moderate drought (−0.5 ≥ <i>SPEI</i> > −1.5). The predominant drought classifications experienced were mild, moderate, and severe drought under SSP2-4.5 and SSP8.5 (−0.5 ≥ <i>SPEI</i> > −2.0). (4) The tillering stage experienced the highest drought frequency and drought intensity, with the longest drought lasting 24 days. However, the heading flower stage had the lowest drought frequency and drought intensity. The drought barycenter was mainly in Tieli and Suihua. (5) The <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> was most affected by the <i>T<sub>max</sub></i>, while the <i>SPEI</i> was most affected by the <i>P<sub>r</sub></i>. This study offers a scientific and rational foundation for understanding the drought sensitivity of rice in Northeast China, as well as a rationale for the optimal scheduling of water resources in agriculture in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1aeecd5de7c74e73a1459fcd54449e9d |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-1aeecd5de7c74e73a1459fcd54449e9d2025-01-10T13:19:32ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011413010.3390/plants14010030Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate ChangeTangzhe Nie0Xiu Liu1Peng Chen2Lili Jiang3Zhongyi Sun4Shuai Yin5Tianyi Wang6Tiecheng Li7Chong Du8School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaIn agricultural production, droughts occurring during the crucial growth periods of crops hinder crop development, while the daily-scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (<i>SPEI</i>) can be applied to accurately identify the drought characteristics. In this study, we used the statistical downscaling method to obtain the daily precipitation (<i>P<sub>r</sub></i>), maximum air temperature (<i>T<sub>max</sub></i>) and minimum air temperature (<i>T<sub>min</sub></i>) during the rice growing season in Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2100 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in CMIP6, to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought during the rice growing season in cold region and the effect of climate change on drought characteristics. The potential evapotranspiration (<i>PET<sub>0</sub></i>) was calculated using the regression correction method of the Hargreaves formula recommended by the FAO, and the daily <i>SPEI</i> was calculated to quantitatively identify the drought classification. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the meteorological factors (<i>P<sub>r</sub></i>, <i>T<sub>max</sub></i>, <i>T<sub>min</sub></i>), <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> and <i>SPEI</i>. The results showed that: (1) Under 3 SSP scenarios, <i>P<sub>r</sub></i> showed an increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast, <i>T<sub>max</sub></i> showed an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest, and higher <i>T<sub>min</sub></i> was mainly distributed in the east and west regions. (2) <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> indicated an overall interannual rise in the three future SSP scenarios, with higher values mainly distributed in the central and western regions. The mean daily <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> values ranged from 4.8 to 6.0 mm/d. (3) Under SSP1-2.6, rice mainly experienced mild drought and moderate drought (−0.5 ≥ <i>SPEI</i> > −1.5). The predominant drought classifications experienced were mild, moderate, and severe drought under SSP2-4.5 and SSP8.5 (−0.5 ≥ <i>SPEI</i> > −2.0). (4) The tillering stage experienced the highest drought frequency and drought intensity, with the longest drought lasting 24 days. However, the heading flower stage had the lowest drought frequency and drought intensity. The drought barycenter was mainly in Tieli and Suihua. (5) The <i>PET<sub>0</sub></i> was most affected by the <i>T<sub>max</sub></i>, while the <i>SPEI</i> was most affected by the <i>P<sub>r</sub></i>. This study offers a scientific and rational foundation for understanding the drought sensitivity of rice in Northeast China, as well as a rationale for the optimal scheduling of water resources in agriculture in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/30ricepotential evapotranspiration (<i>PET<sub>0</sub></i>)standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (<i>SPEI</i>)climate changedrought characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Tangzhe Nie Xiu Liu Peng Chen Lili Jiang Zhongyi Sun Shuai Yin Tianyi Wang Tiecheng Li Chong Du Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change Plants rice potential evapotranspiration (<i>PET<sub>0</sub></i>) standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (<i>SPEI</i>) climate change drought characteristics |
| title | Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change |
| title_full | Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change |
| title_fullStr | Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change |
| title_short | Characterizing Droughts During the Rice Growth Period in Northeast China Based on Daily SPEI Under Climate Change |
| title_sort | characterizing droughts during the rice growth period in northeast china based on daily spei under climate change |
| topic | rice potential evapotranspiration (<i>PET<sub>0</sub></i>) standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (<i>SPEI</i>) climate change drought characteristics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/30 |
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