Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

This review examines the complex interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host immunity, with a focus on Mtb and immune evasion. Upon inhalation, Mtb infects alveolar macrophages, inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion to survive. Dendritic cells are later activated, driving CD4+ T cell dif...

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Main Authors: Eden Sedarous, Dima Traboulsi, Heeral Dodhia, Katey Kwan, Suky Zheng, Venice Co
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: York University 2025-05-01
Series:Canadian Journal for the Academic Mind
Subjects:
Online Access:https://cjam.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/default/article/view/99
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author Eden Sedarous
Dima Traboulsi
Heeral Dodhia
Katey Kwan
Suky Zheng
Venice Co
author_facet Eden Sedarous
Dima Traboulsi
Heeral Dodhia
Katey Kwan
Suky Zheng
Venice Co
author_sort Eden Sedarous
collection DOAJ
description This review examines the complex interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host immunity, with a focus on Mtb and immune evasion. Upon inhalation, Mtb infects alveolar macrophages, inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion to survive. Dendritic cells are later activated, driving CD4+ T cell differentiation and IFN-γ release to enhance macrophage bactericidal activity. Mtb may be sequestered in granulomas, which contain the infection but facilitates Mtbpersistence during latency. Further, cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate infected cells, while regulatory T cells modulate immunity. Overall, host immune responses must balance between pathogen control and tissue damage. Thus, Mtb’simmune evasion mechanisms pose a significant challenge for vaccine development and therapeutic intervention. Understanding these interactions is critical for uncovering novel strategies against Mtb infection and improving public health outcomes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2817-5344
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher York University
record_format Article
series Canadian Journal for the Academic Mind
spelling doaj-art-1ac781678dbf42f99321465d0d8fbf0a2025-08-20T03:52:52ZengYork UniversityCanadian Journal for the Academic Mind2817-53442025-05-012210.25071/2817-5344/99Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium TuberculosisEden Sedarous0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0886-7971Dima Traboulsi1https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4656-6314Heeral Dodhia2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5236-2393Katey Kwan3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9589-8185Suky Zheng4https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4257-4578Venice Co5https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2813-5147Department of Kinesiology, McMaster UniversitySchool of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster UniversitySchool of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster UniversitySchool of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster UniversitySchool of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster UniversityThis review examines the complex interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host immunity, with a focus on Mtb and immune evasion. Upon inhalation, Mtb infects alveolar macrophages, inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion to survive. Dendritic cells are later activated, driving CD4+ T cell differentiation and IFN-γ release to enhance macrophage bactericidal activity. Mtb may be sequestered in granulomas, which contain the infection but facilitates Mtbpersistence during latency. Further, cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate infected cells, while regulatory T cells modulate immunity. Overall, host immune responses must balance between pathogen control and tissue damage. Thus, Mtb’simmune evasion mechanisms pose a significant challenge for vaccine development and therapeutic intervention. Understanding these interactions is critical for uncovering novel strategies against Mtb infection and improving public health outcomes. https://cjam.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/default/article/view/99Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisInnate immunityAdaptive immunityHost-pathogen interactionImmune evasion
spellingShingle Eden Sedarous
Dima Traboulsi
Heeral Dodhia
Katey Kwan
Suky Zheng
Venice Co
Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Canadian Journal for the Academic Mind
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Host-pathogen interaction
Immune evasion
title Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
title_full Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
title_fullStr Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
title_short Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
title_sort exploring the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis
topic Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Host-pathogen interaction
Immune evasion
url https://cjam.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/default/article/view/99
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AT heeraldodhia exploringthecrossroadsofinnateandadaptiveimmunityagainstmycobacteriumtuberculosis
AT kateykwan exploringthecrossroadsofinnateandadaptiveimmunityagainstmycobacteriumtuberculosis
AT sukyzheng exploringthecrossroadsofinnateandadaptiveimmunityagainstmycobacteriumtuberculosis
AT veniceco exploringthecrossroadsofinnateandadaptiveimmunityagainstmycobacteriumtuberculosis