Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt

The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), located in SW Spain, is the geographical area where more mining activities related to polymetallic minerals have been developed from around 4000 years before present, being especially intense from the second half of 19th century, generating huge amounts of wastes store...

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Main Authors: Juan Antonio Ramírez-Pérez, Alejandro Barba-Lobo, Manuel Jesús Gázquez-González, Juan Pedro Bolívar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025020146
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author Juan Antonio Ramírez-Pérez
Alejandro Barba-Lobo
Manuel Jesús Gázquez-González
Juan Pedro Bolívar
author_facet Juan Antonio Ramírez-Pérez
Alejandro Barba-Lobo
Manuel Jesús Gázquez-González
Juan Pedro Bolívar
author_sort Juan Antonio Ramírez-Pérez
collection DOAJ
description The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), located in SW Spain, is the geographical area where more mining activities related to polymetallic minerals have been developed from around 4000 years before present, being especially intense from the second half of 19th century, generating huge amounts of wastes stored along the basins of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the radiological European Union regulation, and the international one, the polymetallic mining is considered as a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) activity, and therefore, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of the radiological risks associated with these mining activities. To achieve this objective the waste repositories of several mining areas were sampled trying to obtain the most representative wastes of the study area (roasted pyrite, floating mud, slags, leached pyrite, between others). The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and multielement composition of the collected samples were measured, and different radiological indexes were calculated (Raeq, Hex, Ic, Fc238U and Fc232Th). The main conclusion of this work has been that all these indexes are below the threshold stablished by regulation to assure an effective dose smaller than 1 mSv per year, and therefore the mining waste deposited in the IPB can be used in valorization processes for building materials without radiological restrictions.
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spelling doaj-art-1a9c610deb3d4e368d25a6243ce77a252025-08-20T03:50:22ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-08-011113e4362810.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43628Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite BeltJuan Antonio Ramírez-Pérez0Alejandro Barba-Lobo1Manuel Jesús Gázquez-González2Juan Pedro Bolívar3Corresponding author.; Department of Integrated Sciences, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, SpainDepartment of Integrated Sciences, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, SpainDepartment of Integrated Sciences, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, SpainDepartment of Integrated Sciences, Center for Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, SpainThe Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), located in SW Spain, is the geographical area where more mining activities related to polymetallic minerals have been developed from around 4000 years before present, being especially intense from the second half of 19th century, generating huge amounts of wastes stored along the basins of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the radiological European Union regulation, and the international one, the polymetallic mining is considered as a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) activity, and therefore, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of the radiological risks associated with these mining activities. To achieve this objective the waste repositories of several mining areas were sampled trying to obtain the most representative wastes of the study area (roasted pyrite, floating mud, slags, leached pyrite, between others). The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and multielement composition of the collected samples were measured, and different radiological indexes were calculated (Raeq, Hex, Ic, Fc238U and Fc232Th). The main conclusion of this work has been that all these indexes are below the threshold stablished by regulation to assure an effective dose smaller than 1 mSv per year, and therefore the mining waste deposited in the IPB can be used in valorization processes for building materials without radiological restrictions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025020146Mining wastesRadioactive characterizationIberian Pyrite BeltRadionuclidesRadiological hazard index
spellingShingle Juan Antonio Ramírez-Pérez
Alejandro Barba-Lobo
Manuel Jesús Gázquez-González
Juan Pedro Bolívar
Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt
Heliyon
Mining wastes
Radioactive characterization
Iberian Pyrite Belt
Radionuclides
Radiological hazard index
title Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt
title_full Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt
title_fullStr Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt
title_full_unstemmed Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt
title_short Radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in Iberian Pyrite Belt
title_sort radiological assessment of wastes from copper mining in iberian pyrite belt
topic Mining wastes
Radioactive characterization
Iberian Pyrite Belt
Radionuclides
Radiological hazard index
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025020146
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