Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a condition influenced by gut microbiota composition and associated metabolic pathways. This study investigated the differences in gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic profiles between diabetic and control indivi...

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Main Authors: Yasser Morsy, Nesma S. Shafie, GP2324 consortium, Marwa Amer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09328-w
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author Yasser Morsy
Nesma S. Shafie
GP2324 consortium
Marwa Amer
author_facet Yasser Morsy
Nesma S. Shafie
GP2324 consortium
Marwa Amer
author_sort Yasser Morsy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a condition influenced by gut microbiota composition and associated metabolic pathways. This study investigated the differences in gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic profiles between diabetic and control individuals. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analyses, we observed significantly higher microbial diversity and evenness in the diabetic group, with distinct clustering patterns as revealed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Taxonomic profiling demonstrated an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the diabetic group, while Streptococcaceae was more prevalent in the control group. LEfSe analysis identified key microbial taxa such as Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group enriched in diabetic individuals, suggesting a role in metabolic dysregulation. Metabolomic pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant differences in pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, bile acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis in diabetic individuals. Enriching fatty acid elongation and β-oxidation pathways, alongside disrupted glucose metabolism, indicate profound metabolic changes associated with diabetes. Bile acid metabolism and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathways were also elevated, linking these metabolites to the observed gut microbiota shifts. These findings suggest that diabetes is associated with significant alterations in the gut microbiome’s composition and function, leading to disruptions in critical metabolic pathways. This study provides insights into potential microbial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health in diabetic patients.
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spelling doaj-art-1a808b5e5a7b4dcb9ef1e7e6b02929972025-08-24T11:30:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-09328-wIntegrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetesYasser Morsy0Nesma S. Shafie1GP2324 consortiumMarwa Amer2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of ZürichDepartment of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST)Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST)Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a condition influenced by gut microbiota composition and associated metabolic pathways. This study investigated the differences in gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic profiles between diabetic and control individuals. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analyses, we observed significantly higher microbial diversity and evenness in the diabetic group, with distinct clustering patterns as revealed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Taxonomic profiling demonstrated an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the diabetic group, while Streptococcaceae was more prevalent in the control group. LEfSe analysis identified key microbial taxa such as Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group enriched in diabetic individuals, suggesting a role in metabolic dysregulation. Metabolomic pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant differences in pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, bile acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis in diabetic individuals. Enriching fatty acid elongation and β-oxidation pathways, alongside disrupted glucose metabolism, indicate profound metabolic changes associated with diabetes. Bile acid metabolism and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathways were also elevated, linking these metabolites to the observed gut microbiota shifts. These findings suggest that diabetes is associated with significant alterations in the gut microbiome’s composition and function, leading to disruptions in critical metabolic pathways. This study provides insights into potential microbial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health in diabetic patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09328-wGut microbiotaDiabetesMicrobial diversityMetabolic pathwaysLEfSe analysisMetabolomics
spellingShingle Yasser Morsy
Nesma S. Shafie
GP2324 consortium
Marwa Amer
Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
Scientific Reports
Gut microbiota
Diabetes
Microbial diversity
Metabolic pathways
LEfSe analysis
Metabolomics
title Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
title_full Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
title_fullStr Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
title_short Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
title_sort integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes
topic Gut microbiota
Diabetes
Microbial diversity
Metabolic pathways
LEfSe analysis
Metabolomics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09328-w
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