Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health
The present study evaluated the effects of exogenous protease supplementation in low- and high-fishmeal (FM) diets on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus va...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-09-01
|
| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000551 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849242912976535552 |
|---|---|
| author | Mirasha Hasanthi Rutchanee Chotikachinda Nalin Medagoda Kyeong-Jun Lee |
| author_facet | Mirasha Hasanthi Rutchanee Chotikachinda Nalin Medagoda Kyeong-Jun Lee |
| author_sort | Mirasha Hasanthi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study evaluated the effects of exogenous protease supplementation in low- and high-fishmeal (FM) diets on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was designed with two dietary FM levels (200 g/kg, positive control [PC]; and 100 g/kg, negative control [NC]) and three protease levels (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg) to obtain six experimental diets designated as PC, PC400, PC800, NC, NC400, and NC800. Six replicate groups of 30 shrimp (initial weight 0.30 ± 0.01 g) were fed the diets for 8 wk. Protease supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.001) growth performance and feed utilization efficiency in both high- and low-FM diets. Innate immunity and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly enhanced (P < 0.001) with increasing FM and protease levels. Furthermore, the inclusion of protease in low-FM diets significantly increased (P < 0.001) total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities, reaching levels comparable to the PC group. Increasing FM and protease levels significantly upregulated (P < 0.001) the expression of proPO, crustin, TGF-β, LvIKK-β and TLR3 genes, while downregulating TNF-α. The inclusion of protease in the low FM diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) digestive enzyme activities, intestinal villi length, whole-body amino acid composition and nutrient digestibility to the levels comparable to the PC group. The relative abundance of heterotrophic marine bacteria (P < 0.001), Gram-positive bacteria (P = 0.034) and Lactobacilli spp. (P < 0.001) in the gut significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing protease levels, while an inverse relationship was observed for Vibrio spp. (P < 0.001). These results demonstrated that protease supplementation in either the high- or low-FM diets could improve shrimp growth, feed utilization efficiency, immunity, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and gut microbiome. Notably, supplementing the low-FM diet with 800 mg/kg protease improved shrimp performance, reaching levels comparable to those obtained with the PC diet. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1a5953a5931841eda3062e18c7a34c9e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-6545 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-1a5953a5931841eda3062e18c7a34c9e2025-08-20T03:59:40ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452025-09-0122364910.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.002Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut healthMirasha Hasanthi0Rutchanee Chotikachinda1Nalin Medagoda2Kyeong-Jun Lee3Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South KoreaDSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Bangkok 10310, ThailandDepartment of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South KoreaDepartment of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, South Korea; Corresponding author.The present study evaluated the effects of exogenous protease supplementation in low- and high-fishmeal (FM) diets on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was designed with two dietary FM levels (200 g/kg, positive control [PC]; and 100 g/kg, negative control [NC]) and three protease levels (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg) to obtain six experimental diets designated as PC, PC400, PC800, NC, NC400, and NC800. Six replicate groups of 30 shrimp (initial weight 0.30 ± 0.01 g) were fed the diets for 8 wk. Protease supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.001) growth performance and feed utilization efficiency in both high- and low-FM diets. Innate immunity and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly enhanced (P < 0.001) with increasing FM and protease levels. Furthermore, the inclusion of protease in low-FM diets significantly increased (P < 0.001) total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities, reaching levels comparable to the PC group. Increasing FM and protease levels significantly upregulated (P < 0.001) the expression of proPO, crustin, TGF-β, LvIKK-β and TLR3 genes, while downregulating TNF-α. The inclusion of protease in the low FM diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) digestive enzyme activities, intestinal villi length, whole-body amino acid composition and nutrient digestibility to the levels comparable to the PC group. The relative abundance of heterotrophic marine bacteria (P < 0.001), Gram-positive bacteria (P = 0.034) and Lactobacilli spp. (P < 0.001) in the gut significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing protease levels, while an inverse relationship was observed for Vibrio spp. (P < 0.001). These results demonstrated that protease supplementation in either the high- or low-FM diets could improve shrimp growth, feed utilization efficiency, immunity, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and gut microbiome. Notably, supplementing the low-FM diet with 800 mg/kg protease improved shrimp performance, reaching levels comparable to those obtained with the PC diet.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000551ProteaseEnzymePacific white shrimpAquafeedProteinDigestibility |
| spellingShingle | Mirasha Hasanthi Rutchanee Chotikachinda Nalin Medagoda Kyeong-Jun Lee Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health Animal Nutrition Protease Enzyme Pacific white shrimp Aquafeed Protein Digestibility |
| title | Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health |
| title_full | Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health |
| title_fullStr | Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health |
| title_short | Exogenous protease supplementation in high- and low-fishmeal diets for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): Comparative effect on growth, immunity, nutrient digestibility and gut health |
| title_sort | exogenous protease supplementation in high and low fishmeal diets for pacific white shrimp penaeus vannamei comparative effect on growth immunity nutrient digestibility and gut health |
| topic | Protease Enzyme Pacific white shrimp Aquafeed Protein Digestibility |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000551 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mirashahasanthi exogenousproteasesupplementationinhighandlowfishmealdietsforpacificwhiteshrimppenaeusvannameicomparativeeffectongrowthimmunitynutrientdigestibilityandguthealth AT rutchaneechotikachinda exogenousproteasesupplementationinhighandlowfishmealdietsforpacificwhiteshrimppenaeusvannameicomparativeeffectongrowthimmunitynutrientdigestibilityandguthealth AT nalinmedagoda exogenousproteasesupplementationinhighandlowfishmealdietsforpacificwhiteshrimppenaeusvannameicomparativeeffectongrowthimmunitynutrientdigestibilityandguthealth AT kyeongjunlee exogenousproteasesupplementationinhighandlowfishmealdietsforpacificwhiteshrimppenaeusvannameicomparativeeffectongrowthimmunitynutrientdigestibilityandguthealth |