Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-related infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in intensive care units, to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and ventilator-associated pne...

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Main Authors: Fernando Gatti de Menezes, Thiago Domingos Corrêa, Bruno de Arruda Bravim, Paula Tuma, Moacyr Silva Júnior, Emy Akiyama Gouveia, Alexandra do Rosário Toniolo, Graziela Geanfrancisco Matta de Paiva, Paula Fernanda Martineli, Helena Maria Fernandes Castagna, Talita Silva Sarro Moraes, Ana Carolina Santiago, Priscila Gonçalves, Brunna Oliveira Pereira, Nathalia Thomazi Gonçalves, Daniel Tavares Malheiro, Vanessa Damazio Teich, Miguel Cendoroglo Neto
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Language:English
Published: Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein 2024-12-01
Series:Einstein (São Paulo)
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082024000100262&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Fernando Gatti de Menezes
Thiago Domingos Corrêa
Bruno de Arruda Bravim
Paula Tuma
Moacyr Silva Júnior
Emy Akiyama Gouveia
Alexandra do Rosário Toniolo
Graziela Geanfrancisco Matta de Paiva
Paula Fernanda Martineli
Helena Maria Fernandes Castagna
Talita Silva Sarro Moraes
Ana Carolina Santiago
Priscila Gonçalves
Brunna Oliveira Pereira
Nathalia Thomazi Gonçalves
Daniel Tavares Malheiro
Vanessa Damazio Teich
Miguel Cendoroglo Neto
author_facet Fernando Gatti de Menezes
Thiago Domingos Corrêa
Bruno de Arruda Bravim
Paula Tuma
Moacyr Silva Júnior
Emy Akiyama Gouveia
Alexandra do Rosário Toniolo
Graziela Geanfrancisco Matta de Paiva
Paula Fernanda Martineli
Helena Maria Fernandes Castagna
Talita Silva Sarro Moraes
Ana Carolina Santiago
Priscila Gonçalves
Brunna Oliveira Pereira
Nathalia Thomazi Gonçalves
Daniel Tavares Malheiro
Vanessa Damazio Teich
Miguel Cendoroglo Neto
author_sort Fernando Gatti de Menezes
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-related infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in intensive care units, to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and to describe healthcare-associated infections in the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This nested case-control study was conducted in a 137-bed adult medical/surgical intensive care unit at a private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between January 11, 2019, and May 21, 2022. Case patients were identified using the Nosocomial Infection Control Committee database and control patients were identified using the intensive care unit's EPIMED system. For the analysis of risk factors, the chi-square test, multiple logistic regression model, and Kaplan-Meier method were used to identify independent risk factors, considering p<0.05. Results: The Case Group consisted of 189 healthcare-associated infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (61.4%), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (30.1%), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (8.5%), and the Control Group consisted of 6,834 patients. The independent risk factors were COVID-19 infection (OR=2.84, 95%CI=1.92–4.23, p<0.01), length of stay in intensive care greater than 14 days (OR=3.15, 95%CI=1.95–5.14, p<0.01), length of hospital stay greater than 30 days (OR=3.64, 95%CI=2.44–5.51, p<0.01), and patients who were in the third wave (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.05–2.91, p=0.04). Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the only healthcare-related infection for which COVID-19 infection was an independent risk factor (OR=3.32, 95%CI=1.92–5.94, p<0.01). Conclusion: COVID-19 and length of hospital stay were independent risk factors for healthcare-associated infections, and only ventilator-associated pneumonia was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling doaj-art-19d87929c9174ba0b442efadda1c4f342024-12-17T08:02:08ZengInstituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert EinsteinEinstein (São Paulo)2317-63852024-12-012210.31744/einstein_journal/2024ao0939Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control studyFernando Gatti de Menezeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-5992Thiago Domingos Corrêahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-3910Bruno de Arruda Bravimhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-8554Paula Tumahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-4815Moacyr Silva Júniorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-1708Emy Akiyama Gouveiahttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-6453-6738Alexandra do Rosário Toniolohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-7395Graziela Geanfrancisco Matta de Paivahttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7641-4143Paula Fernanda Martinelihttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5499-7218Helena Maria Fernandes Castagnahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-1380Talita Silva Sarro Moraeshttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0383-2750Ana Carolina Santiagohttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-2870-4729Priscila Gonçalveshttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-1513-5552Brunna Oliveira Pereirahttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5036-2720Nathalia Thomazi Gonçalveshttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-8896-7624Daniel Tavares Malheirohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-647XVanessa Damazio Teichhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8539-6037Miguel Cendoroglo Netohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-4392ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-related infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in intensive care units, to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection, Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and to describe healthcare-associated infections in the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This nested case-control study was conducted in a 137-bed adult medical/surgical intensive care unit at a private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between January 11, 2019, and May 21, 2022. Case patients were identified using the Nosocomial Infection Control Committee database and control patients were identified using the intensive care unit's EPIMED system. For the analysis of risk factors, the chi-square test, multiple logistic regression model, and Kaplan-Meier method were used to identify independent risk factors, considering p<0.05. Results: The Case Group consisted of 189 healthcare-associated infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (61.4%), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (30.1%), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (8.5%), and the Control Group consisted of 6,834 patients. The independent risk factors were COVID-19 infection (OR=2.84, 95%CI=1.92–4.23, p<0.01), length of stay in intensive care greater than 14 days (OR=3.15, 95%CI=1.95–5.14, p<0.01), length of hospital stay greater than 30 days (OR=3.64, 95%CI=2.44–5.51, p<0.01), and patients who were in the third wave (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.05–2.91, p=0.04). Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the only healthcare-related infection for which COVID-19 infection was an independent risk factor (OR=3.32, 95%CI=1.92–5.94, p<0.01). Conclusion: COVID-19 and length of hospital stay were independent risk factors for healthcare-associated infections, and only ventilator-associated pneumonia was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082024000100262&lng=en&tlng=enCOVID-19Coronavirus infectionsRisk factorPneumonia, ventilator-associatedCatheter-related infectionsIntensive care unitPandemics
spellingShingle Fernando Gatti de Menezes
Thiago Domingos Corrêa
Bruno de Arruda Bravim
Paula Tuma
Moacyr Silva Júnior
Emy Akiyama Gouveia
Alexandra do Rosário Toniolo
Graziela Geanfrancisco Matta de Paiva
Paula Fernanda Martineli
Helena Maria Fernandes Castagna
Talita Silva Sarro Moraes
Ana Carolina Santiago
Priscila Gonçalves
Brunna Oliveira Pereira
Nathalia Thomazi Gonçalves
Daniel Tavares Malheiro
Vanessa Damazio Teich
Miguel Cendoroglo Neto
Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study
Einstein (São Paulo)
COVID-19
Coronavirus infections
Risk factor
Pneumonia, ventilator-associated
Catheter-related infections
Intensive care unit
Pandemics
title Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study
title_full Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study
title_fullStr Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study
title_short Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections and their relationship with waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: a nested case-control study
title_sort risk factors for healthcare associated infections and their relationship with waves of the covid 19 pandemic in an intensive care unit a nested case control study
topic COVID-19
Coronavirus infections
Risk factor
Pneumonia, ventilator-associated
Catheter-related infections
Intensive care unit
Pandemics
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-45082024000100262&lng=en&tlng=en
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