Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms

Substantial agricultural waste, including winter jujube residues, pits, and sawdust, is generated during the planting and processing of winter jujubes. To recycle these wastes, they were used to cultivate <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i>. The nutrient composition, mineral elements, 179 p...

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Main Authors: Jiale Yang, Shuguang Sun, Shuqin Qiao, Xinxin Li, Guorong Yu, Wenzhong Lan, Li Ji, Yupeng Ge, Xianhao Cheng, Weihuan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/11/1196
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author Jiale Yang
Shuguang Sun
Shuqin Qiao
Xinxin Li
Guorong Yu
Wenzhong Lan
Li Ji
Yupeng Ge
Xianhao Cheng
Weihuan Li
author_facet Jiale Yang
Shuguang Sun
Shuqin Qiao
Xinxin Li
Guorong Yu
Wenzhong Lan
Li Ji
Yupeng Ge
Xianhao Cheng
Weihuan Li
author_sort Jiale Yang
collection DOAJ
description Substantial agricultural waste, including winter jujube residues, pits, and sawdust, is generated during the planting and processing of winter jujubes. To recycle these wastes, they were used to cultivate <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i>. The nutrient composition, mineral elements, 179 pesticide residues, and heavy metals in the wastes and <i>S</i>. <i>rugosoannulata</i> were tested. Cultivating the liquid spawn of <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> with 40 g/L winter jujube residue as a substitute for glucose significantly increased the mycelial pellets’ biomass by 136%, resulting in more uniform pellets. Secondary strains of <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> were cultured using winter jujube pits, showing no significant difference in mycelial growth rate and vigor compared to the control (CK) across additive levels of 10–30%. The fruit bodies of <i>S</i>. <i>rugosoannulata</i> cultivated with winter jujube sawdust exhibited no detectable pesticide residues and a lower heavy metal content than the allowable limits, with a protein content of 36.7 g/100 g. Additionally, the mineral element potassium surpassed sodium by over 200 times, rendering it a potassium-rich, low-sodium food source. Utilizing winter jujube wastes for <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> cultivation effectively repurposed these wastes through sustainable recycling. This approach not only reduces cultivation costs but also yields safe and nutritious edible fungal products.
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Horticulturae
spelling doaj-art-18edbc3a4fd24aac8706ad41103f1d762024-11-26T18:06:06ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-11-011011119610.3390/horticulturae10111196Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated MushroomsJiale Yang0Shuguang Sun1Shuqin Qiao2Xinxin Li3Guorong Yu4Wenzhong Lan5Li Ji6Yupeng Ge7Xianhao Cheng8Weihuan Li9Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaShandong Food & Fermentation Engineering Research Major Laboratory, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250013, ChinaYantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Yantai 264001, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaShandong Food & Fermentation Engineering Research Major Laboratory, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250013, ChinaShandong Food & Fermentation Engineering Research Major Laboratory, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250013, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, ChinaSubstantial agricultural waste, including winter jujube residues, pits, and sawdust, is generated during the planting and processing of winter jujubes. To recycle these wastes, they were used to cultivate <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i>. The nutrient composition, mineral elements, 179 pesticide residues, and heavy metals in the wastes and <i>S</i>. <i>rugosoannulata</i> were tested. Cultivating the liquid spawn of <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> with 40 g/L winter jujube residue as a substitute for glucose significantly increased the mycelial pellets’ biomass by 136%, resulting in more uniform pellets. Secondary strains of <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> were cultured using winter jujube pits, showing no significant difference in mycelial growth rate and vigor compared to the control (CK) across additive levels of 10–30%. The fruit bodies of <i>S</i>. <i>rugosoannulata</i> cultivated with winter jujube sawdust exhibited no detectable pesticide residues and a lower heavy metal content than the allowable limits, with a protein content of 36.7 g/100 g. Additionally, the mineral element potassium surpassed sodium by over 200 times, rendering it a potassium-rich, low-sodium food source. Utilizing winter jujube wastes for <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> cultivation effectively repurposed these wastes through sustainable recycling. This approach not only reduces cultivation costs but also yields safe and nutritious edible fungal products.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/11/1196formulanutrient compositionmineral elementpesticide residuebiological efficiency
spellingShingle Jiale Yang
Shuguang Sun
Shuqin Qiao
Xinxin Li
Guorong Yu
Wenzhong Lan
Li Ji
Yupeng Ge
Xianhao Cheng
Weihuan Li
Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
Horticulturae
formula
nutrient composition
mineral element
pesticide residue
biological efficiency
title Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
title_full Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
title_fullStr Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
title_full_unstemmed Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
title_short Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
title_sort optimized cultivation of i stropharia rugosoannulata i using winter jujube wastes and safety risk assessment of the cultivated mushrooms
topic formula
nutrient composition
mineral element
pesticide residue
biological efficiency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/11/1196
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