Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
<b>Background:</b> The gut microbiota constitutes a complex microorganism community that harbors bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea. The human gut bacterial microbiota has been extensively proven to participate in human metabolism, immunity, and nutrient absorption. Its imba...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Emidio Scarpellini Marialaura Scarcella Jan F. Tack Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata Michela Zanetti Ludovico Abenavoli |
| author_facet | Emidio Scarpellini Marialaura Scarcella Jan F. Tack Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata Michela Zanetti Ludovico Abenavoli |
| author_sort | Emidio Scarpellini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> The gut microbiota constitutes a complex microorganism community that harbors bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea. The human gut bacterial microbiota has been extensively proven to participate in human metabolism, immunity, and nutrient absorption. Its imbalance, namely “dysbiosis”, has been linked to disordered metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the features of deranged human metabolism and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, there is a pathophysiological link between gut dysbiosis and MASLD. <b>Aims and Methods:</b> We aimed to review the literature data on the composition of the human bacterial gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in MASLD and describe the concept of the “gut–liver axis”. Moreover, we reviewed the approaches for gut microbiota modulation in MASLD treatment. <b>Results:</b> There is consolidated evidence of particular gut dysbiosis associated with MASLD and its stages. The model explaining the relationship between gut microbiota and the liver has a bidirectional organization, explaining the physiopathology of MASLD. Oxidative stress is one of the keystones in the pathophysiology of MASLD and fibrosis generation. There is promising and consolidated evidence for the efficacy of pre- and probiotics in reversing gut dysbiosis in MASLD patients, with therapeutic effects. Few yet encouraging data on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in MASLD are available in the literature. <b>Conclusions:</b> The gut dysbiosis characteristic of MASLD is a key target in its reversal and treatment via diet, pre/probiotics, and FMT treatment. Oxidative stress modulation remains a promising target for MASLD treatment, prevention, and reversal. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-18cf935b2a544663aac1fa88a08a4c5e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-18cf935b2a544663aac1fa88a08a4c5e2024-11-26T17:47:14ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-11-011311138610.3390/antiox13111386Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver DiseaseEmidio Scarpellini0Marialaura Scarcella1Jan F. Tack2Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata3Michela Zanetti4Ludovico Abenavoli5Translational Research in Gastroeintestinal Disorders, Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, BelgiumAnesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science-Azienda Ospedaliera “Santa Maria”, Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, ItalyTranslational Research in Gastroeintestinal Disorders, Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, BelgiumDepartment of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyGeriatrics Department, Nutrition and Malnutrition Unit, Azienda Sanitario-Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Ospedale Maggiore, piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34100 Triste, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy<b>Background:</b> The gut microbiota constitutes a complex microorganism community that harbors bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea. The human gut bacterial microbiota has been extensively proven to participate in human metabolism, immunity, and nutrient absorption. Its imbalance, namely “dysbiosis”, has been linked to disordered metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the features of deranged human metabolism and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, there is a pathophysiological link between gut dysbiosis and MASLD. <b>Aims and Methods:</b> We aimed to review the literature data on the composition of the human bacterial gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in MASLD and describe the concept of the “gut–liver axis”. Moreover, we reviewed the approaches for gut microbiota modulation in MASLD treatment. <b>Results:</b> There is consolidated evidence of particular gut dysbiosis associated with MASLD and its stages. The model explaining the relationship between gut microbiota and the liver has a bidirectional organization, explaining the physiopathology of MASLD. Oxidative stress is one of the keystones in the pathophysiology of MASLD and fibrosis generation. There is promising and consolidated evidence for the efficacy of pre- and probiotics in reversing gut dysbiosis in MASLD patients, with therapeutic effects. Few yet encouraging data on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in MASLD are available in the literature. <b>Conclusions:</b> The gut dysbiosis characteristic of MASLD is a key target in its reversal and treatment via diet, pre/probiotics, and FMT treatment. Oxidative stress modulation remains a promising target for MASLD treatment, prevention, and reversal.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1386gut microbiotadysbiosisgut–liver axisprobioticsliver steatosisoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Emidio Scarpellini Marialaura Scarcella Jan F. Tack Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata Michela Zanetti Ludovico Abenavoli Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Antioxidants gut microbiota dysbiosis gut–liver axis probiotics liver steatosis oxidative stress |
| title | Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_full | Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_short | Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| title_sort | gut microbiota and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease |
| topic | gut microbiota dysbiosis gut–liver axis probiotics liver steatosis oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1386 |
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