Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network

Abstract The increasing global cost of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns have accelerated the search for sustainable energy alternatives, positioning bioethanol as a promising renewable fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines. This study uniquely integrates ethanol–petrol blends (E0, E10,...

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Main Authors: Menelik Walle, Kumlachew Yeneneh, Gadisa Sufe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07964-w
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author Menelik Walle
Kumlachew Yeneneh
Gadisa Sufe
author_facet Menelik Walle
Kumlachew Yeneneh
Gadisa Sufe
author_sort Menelik Walle
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The increasing global cost of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns have accelerated the search for sustainable energy alternatives, positioning bioethanol as a promising renewable fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines. This study uniquely integrates ethanol–petrol blends (E0, E10, E20, and E30) with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to address critical gaps in predictive modeling and fuel optimization. Experimental tests were conducted on a single-cylinder, four-stroke SI engine under constant load conditions, capturing data on engine speed, mass flow rate, combustion efficiency, peak cylinder pressure, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature. A feed-forward backpropagation ANN model was developed using 75% of the collected data for training and 25% for validation, achieving high predictive accuracy with R2 values exceeding 0.98 for most parameters. Results showed that E30 improved combustion efficiency by 12.5% compared to E0 at 1500 RPM and reduced BSFC by 22% in the 2000–2500 RPM range, while maximum cylinder pressure increased with RPM but remained slightly lower for higher ethanol blends due to ethanol’s cooling effect. By effectively predicting performance metrics across a broad RPM range (1500–3500), the ANN model reduces reliance on extensive experimental testing and offers a scalable approach for optimizing fuel-blending strategies, thereby supporting the transition to cleaner, more efficient energy systems.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-18915511d76b4c4780488f94bffc62df2025-08-20T03:46:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112510.1038/s41598-025-07964-wInvestigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural networkMenelik Walle0Kumlachew Yeneneh1Gadisa Sufe2Department of Motor Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, Ethiopian Defence UniversityDepartment of Motor Vehicle Engineering, College of Engineering, Ethiopian Defence UniversityFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and TechnologyAbstract The increasing global cost of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns have accelerated the search for sustainable energy alternatives, positioning bioethanol as a promising renewable fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines. This study uniquely integrates ethanol–petrol blends (E0, E10, E20, and E30) with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to address critical gaps in predictive modeling and fuel optimization. Experimental tests were conducted on a single-cylinder, four-stroke SI engine under constant load conditions, capturing data on engine speed, mass flow rate, combustion efficiency, peak cylinder pressure, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature. A feed-forward backpropagation ANN model was developed using 75% of the collected data for training and 25% for validation, achieving high predictive accuracy with R2 values exceeding 0.98 for most parameters. Results showed that E30 improved combustion efficiency by 12.5% compared to E0 at 1500 RPM and reduced BSFC by 22% in the 2000–2500 RPM range, while maximum cylinder pressure increased with RPM but remained slightly lower for higher ethanol blends due to ethanol’s cooling effect. By effectively predicting performance metrics across a broad RPM range (1500–3500), the ANN model reduces reliance on extensive experimental testing and offers a scalable approach for optimizing fuel-blending strategies, thereby supporting the transition to cleaner, more efficient energy systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07964-wSpark-ignition engineEthanol–petrol blendsArtificial neural networks (ANNs)Engine performance predictionCombustion efficiencyBrake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC)
spellingShingle Menelik Walle
Kumlachew Yeneneh
Gadisa Sufe
Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
Scientific Reports
Spark-ignition engine
Ethanol–petrol blends
Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
Engine performance prediction
Combustion efficiency
Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC)
title Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
title_full Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
title_fullStr Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
title_short Investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol–petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
title_sort investigation of spark ignition engine performance in ethanol petrol blended fuels using artificial neural network
topic Spark-ignition engine
Ethanol–petrol blends
Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
Engine performance prediction
Combustion efficiency
Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07964-w
work_keys_str_mv AT menelikwalle investigationofsparkignitionengineperformanceinethanolpetrolblendedfuelsusingartificialneuralnetwork
AT kumlachewyeneneh investigationofsparkignitionengineperformanceinethanolpetrolblendedfuelsusingartificialneuralnetwork
AT gadisasufe investigationofsparkignitionengineperformanceinethanolpetrolblendedfuelsusingartificialneuralnetwork