High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort

Abstract Introduction Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for two‐thirds of new HIV infections in Africa. African AGYW have had high uptake of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) but low adherence, which might be improved by point‐of‐care adherence monitoring with tailored counselli...

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Main Authors: Brenda Gati Mirembe, Deborah Donnell, Meighan Krows, Zinhle Zwane, Elizabeth Bukusi, Ravindre Panchia, Cheryl Louw, Noluthando Mwelase, Pearl Selepe, Melissa Senne, Logashvari Naidoo, Rachel Chihana, Margaret Kasaro, Harriet Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha, Philip Kotze, Katherine Gill, Pippa MacDonald, Alastair vanHeerden, Shannon Bosman, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Phillip du Preez, Amy Ward, Remco P. H. Peters, Sinead Delany‐Moretlwe, Sue Peacock, Rachel Johnson, Jason Caucutt, Susan Morrison, Guohong Wang, Monica Gandhi, Jennifer Velloza, Renee Heffron, Connie Celum, the INSIGHT Study Team
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of the International AIDS Society
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26389
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author Brenda Gati Mirembe
Deborah Donnell
Meighan Krows
Zinhle Zwane
Elizabeth Bukusi
Ravindre Panchia
Cheryl Louw
Noluthando Mwelase
Pearl Selepe
Melissa Senne
Logashvari Naidoo
Rachel Chihana
Margaret Kasaro
Harriet Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha
Philip Kotze
Katherine Gill
Pippa MacDonald
Alastair vanHeerden
Shannon Bosman
Manjeetha Jaggernath
Phillip du Preez
Amy Ward
Remco P. H. Peters
Sinead Delany‐Moretlwe
Sue Peacock
Rachel Johnson
Jason Caucutt
Susan Morrison
Guohong Wang
Monica Gandhi
Jennifer Velloza
Renee Heffron
Connie Celum
the INSIGHT Study Team
author_facet Brenda Gati Mirembe
Deborah Donnell
Meighan Krows
Zinhle Zwane
Elizabeth Bukusi
Ravindre Panchia
Cheryl Louw
Noluthando Mwelase
Pearl Selepe
Melissa Senne
Logashvari Naidoo
Rachel Chihana
Margaret Kasaro
Harriet Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha
Philip Kotze
Katherine Gill
Pippa MacDonald
Alastair vanHeerden
Shannon Bosman
Manjeetha Jaggernath
Phillip du Preez
Amy Ward
Remco P. H. Peters
Sinead Delany‐Moretlwe
Sue Peacock
Rachel Johnson
Jason Caucutt
Susan Morrison
Guohong Wang
Monica Gandhi
Jennifer Velloza
Renee Heffron
Connie Celum
the INSIGHT Study Team
author_sort Brenda Gati Mirembe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for two‐thirds of new HIV infections in Africa. African AGYW have had high uptake of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) but low adherence, which might be improved by point‐of‐care adherence monitoring with tailored counselling. Methods From August 2022 to July 2023, we conducted a PrEP demonstration project with sexually active AGYW ages 16−30 years from 20 sites in South Africa, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zambia. Participants were offered oral tenofovir‐based PrEP at enrolment and followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months. PrEP adherence was assessed by a point‐of‐care qualitative lateral flow urine tenofovir (TFV) assay indicating PrEP use in the prior 4 days, which accompanied real‐time adherence counselling that incorporated urine TFV results when testing was available (70.8% of month 1, 35.3% of month 3 and 83.9% of month 6 visits). We estimated overall adherence, correcting for missing test results, and analysed the association of having received urine TFV results at month 1 or 3 with subsequent urine TFV test positivity, using modified Poisson regression. Results Of the 3087 AGYW enrolled, the median age was 24 years (interquartile range 21−27), 75.7% were from South Africa, 2878 (93.2%) initiated PrEP at enrolment and 107 (3.5%) after enrolment. Visit retention was 92.0−96.2% for months 1, 3 and 6, and 2518 (90.1%) exited the study with a PrEP refill. Adherence, based on the point‐of‐care urine tenofovir test positivity rate, was estimated as 72%, 71% and 65% at months 1, 3 and 6, respectively. Women who received one prior urine TFV test had a 42% higher likelihood of a subsequent positive urine TFV test (adjusted odds ratio, OR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.27−1.60), and those having received two prior tests had a 67% higher likelihood (adjusted OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.41−1.98). Observed HIV incidence was 1.38/100 person‐years (95% CI 0.97−2.08). Conclusions Oral PrEP uptake, recent adherence and persistence were high in a multisite cohort of young African women over 6 months of follow‐up. The use of a novel point‐of‐care tenofovir assay with tailored real‐time adherence counselling was associated with increased adherence to PrEP at subsequent visits, warranting further study. Clinical trials registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT05746065
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spelling doaj-art-184794dafd9049ddaaf15f1649bba9e62024-12-26T04:04:34ZengWileyJournal of the International AIDS Society1758-26522024-12-012712n/an/a10.1002/jia2.26389High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohortBrenda Gati Mirembe0Deborah Donnell1Meighan Krows2Zinhle Zwane3Elizabeth Bukusi4Ravindre Panchia5Cheryl Louw6Noluthando Mwelase7Pearl Selepe8Melissa Senne9Logashvari Naidoo10Rachel Chihana11Margaret Kasaro12Harriet Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha13Philip Kotze14Katherine Gill15Pippa MacDonald16Alastair vanHeerden17Shannon Bosman18Manjeetha Jaggernath19Phillip du Preez20Amy Ward21Remco P. H. Peters22Sinead Delany‐Moretlwe23Sue Peacock24Rachel Johnson25Jason Caucutt26Susan Morrison27Guohong Wang28Monica Gandhi29Jennifer Velloza30Renee Heffron31Connie Celum32the INSIGHT Study TeamMakerere University‐Johns Hopkins University Kampala UgandaFred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle Washington USADepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USASetshaba Research Centre Pretoria South AfricaDepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USAPerinatal Research HIV Research Unit Soweto South AfricaMadibeng Centre for Research Madibeng South Africa Brits South AfricaHelen Joseph Hospital Clinical HIV Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South AfricaAurum Klerksdorp Clinical Research Centre Klerksdorp South AfricaAurum Rustenburg Clinical Research Centre Rustenburg South AfricaSouth African Medical Research Center Chatsworth Clinical Research Site Chatsworth South AfricaKamuzu University of Health Sciences – Johns Hopkins Research Project Blantyre MalawiUniversity of North Carolina Global Projects Zambia Lusaka ZambiaInternational Center for AIDS and Treatment Program Mbabane eSwatiniQhakaza Mbokodo Research Clinic Ladysmith South AfricaDesmond Tutu HIV Centre University of Cape Town Cape Town South AfricaDesmond Tutu HIV Centre University of Cape Town Cape Town South AfricaHuman Sciences Research Council Center for Community Based Research (CCBR) Pietermaritzburg South AfricaHuman Sciences Research Council Center for Community Based Research (CCBR) Pietermaritzburg South AfricaMATCH Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand Durban South AfricaDepartment of Medicine University of Cape Town, Vuka Research Clinic Cape Town South AfricaDepartment of Medicine University of Cape Town, Vuka Research Clinic Cape Town South AfricaFoundation for Professional Development Pretoria South AfricaWits Reproductive Health and HIV Unit University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South AfricaDepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USADepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USADepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USADepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USAAbottt Research Laboratories Pomona California USAUniversity of California San Franscisco San Fransisco California USAUniversity of California San Franscisco San Fransisco California USADepartment of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USADepartment of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USAAbstract Introduction Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for two‐thirds of new HIV infections in Africa. African AGYW have had high uptake of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) but low adherence, which might be improved by point‐of‐care adherence monitoring with tailored counselling. Methods From August 2022 to July 2023, we conducted a PrEP demonstration project with sexually active AGYW ages 16−30 years from 20 sites in South Africa, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zambia. Participants were offered oral tenofovir‐based PrEP at enrolment and followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months. PrEP adherence was assessed by a point‐of‐care qualitative lateral flow urine tenofovir (TFV) assay indicating PrEP use in the prior 4 days, which accompanied real‐time adherence counselling that incorporated urine TFV results when testing was available (70.8% of month 1, 35.3% of month 3 and 83.9% of month 6 visits). We estimated overall adherence, correcting for missing test results, and analysed the association of having received urine TFV results at month 1 or 3 with subsequent urine TFV test positivity, using modified Poisson regression. Results Of the 3087 AGYW enrolled, the median age was 24 years (interquartile range 21−27), 75.7% were from South Africa, 2878 (93.2%) initiated PrEP at enrolment and 107 (3.5%) after enrolment. Visit retention was 92.0−96.2% for months 1, 3 and 6, and 2518 (90.1%) exited the study with a PrEP refill. Adherence, based on the point‐of‐care urine tenofovir test positivity rate, was estimated as 72%, 71% and 65% at months 1, 3 and 6, respectively. Women who received one prior urine TFV test had a 42% higher likelihood of a subsequent positive urine TFV test (adjusted odds ratio, OR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.27−1.60), and those having received two prior tests had a 67% higher likelihood (adjusted OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.41−1.98). Observed HIV incidence was 1.38/100 person‐years (95% CI 0.97−2.08). Conclusions Oral PrEP uptake, recent adherence and persistence were high in a multisite cohort of young African women over 6 months of follow‐up. The use of a novel point‐of‐care tenofovir assay with tailored real‐time adherence counselling was associated with increased adherence to PrEP at subsequent visits, warranting further study. Clinical trials registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT05746065https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26389adherenceAfricapoint‐of‐carePrEPtenofovirwomen
spellingShingle Brenda Gati Mirembe
Deborah Donnell
Meighan Krows
Zinhle Zwane
Elizabeth Bukusi
Ravindre Panchia
Cheryl Louw
Noluthando Mwelase
Pearl Selepe
Melissa Senne
Logashvari Naidoo
Rachel Chihana
Margaret Kasaro
Harriet Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha
Philip Kotze
Katherine Gill
Pippa MacDonald
Alastair vanHeerden
Shannon Bosman
Manjeetha Jaggernath
Phillip du Preez
Amy Ward
Remco P. H. Peters
Sinead Delany‐Moretlwe
Sue Peacock
Rachel Johnson
Jason Caucutt
Susan Morrison
Guohong Wang
Monica Gandhi
Jennifer Velloza
Renee Heffron
Connie Celum
the INSIGHT Study Team
High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
Journal of the International AIDS Society
adherence
Africa
point‐of‐care
PrEP
tenofovir
women
title High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
title_full High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
title_fullStr High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
title_full_unstemmed High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
title_short High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
title_sort high recent prep adherence with point of care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young african women results from the insight cohort
topic adherence
Africa
point‐of‐care
PrEP
tenofovir
women
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.26389
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