EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects

Education is an activity that involves great cognitive load for learning, understanding, concentrating, and other high-level cognitive tasks. The use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and other brain imaging techniques in education has opened the scientific field of neuroeducation. Insights about th...

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Main Authors: Christos Orovas, Theodosios Sapounidis, Christina Volioti, Euclid Keramopoulos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/182
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author Christos Orovas
Theodosios Sapounidis
Christina Volioti
Euclid Keramopoulos
author_facet Christos Orovas
Theodosios Sapounidis
Christina Volioti
Euclid Keramopoulos
author_sort Christos Orovas
collection DOAJ
description Education is an activity that involves great cognitive load for learning, understanding, concentrating, and other high-level cognitive tasks. The use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and other brain imaging techniques in education has opened the scientific field of neuroeducation. Insights about the brain mechanisms involved in learning and assistance in the evaluation and optimization of education methodologies according to student brain responses is the main target of this field. Being a multidisciplinary field, neuroeducation requires expertise in various fields such as education, neuroinformatics, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The need for a comprehensive guide where various important issues are presented and examples of their application in neuroeducation research projects are given is apparent. This paper presents an overview of the current hardware and software options, discusses methodological issues, and gives examples of best practices as found in the recent literature. These were selected by applying the PRISMA statement to results returned by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords “EEG and neuroeducation” for projects published in the last six years (2018–2024). Apart from the basic background knowledge, two research questions regarding methodological aspects (experimental settings and hardware and software used) and the subject of the research and type of information used from the EEG signals are addressed and discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-1834e227709b4d6796ecf29cac82c60b2025-01-10T13:21:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-0125118210.3390/s25010182EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological AspectsChristos Orovas0Theodosios Sapounidis1Christina Volioti2Euclid Keramopoulos3Department of Products and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, GreeceSchool of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceSchool of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57001 Nea Moudania, GreeceEducation is an activity that involves great cognitive load for learning, understanding, concentrating, and other high-level cognitive tasks. The use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and other brain imaging techniques in education has opened the scientific field of neuroeducation. Insights about the brain mechanisms involved in learning and assistance in the evaluation and optimization of education methodologies according to student brain responses is the main target of this field. Being a multidisciplinary field, neuroeducation requires expertise in various fields such as education, neuroinformatics, psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The need for a comprehensive guide where various important issues are presented and examples of their application in neuroeducation research projects are given is apparent. This paper presents an overview of the current hardware and software options, discusses methodological issues, and gives examples of best practices as found in the recent literature. These were selected by applying the PRISMA statement to results returned by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords “EEG and neuroeducation” for projects published in the last six years (2018–2024). Apart from the basic background knowledge, two research questions regarding methodological aspects (experimental settings and hardware and software used) and the subject of the research and type of information used from the EEG signals are addressed and discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/182electroencephalogram (EEG)neuroeducationbrain signalsevent-related potentials (ERP)
spellingShingle Christos Orovas
Theodosios Sapounidis
Christina Volioti
Euclid Keramopoulos
EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
Sensors
electroencephalogram (EEG)
neuroeducation
brain signals
event-related potentials (ERP)
title EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
title_full EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
title_fullStr EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
title_full_unstemmed EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
title_short EEG in Education: A Scoping Review of Hardware, Software, and Methodological Aspects
title_sort eeg in education a scoping review of hardware software and methodological aspects
topic electroencephalogram (EEG)
neuroeducation
brain signals
event-related potentials (ERP)
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/182
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