Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits

Abstract A central building block of many quantum algorithms is the diagonalization of Pauli operators. Although it is always possible to construct a quantum circuit that simultaneously diagonalizes a given set of commuting Pauli operators, only resource-efficient circuits can be executed reliably o...

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Main Authors: Daniel Miller, Laurin E. Fischer, Kyano Levi, Eric J. Kuehnke, Igor O. Sokolov, Panagiotis Kl. Barkoutsos, Jens Eisert, Ivano Tavernelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:npj Quantum Information
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00901-1
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author Daniel Miller
Laurin E. Fischer
Kyano Levi
Eric J. Kuehnke
Igor O. Sokolov
Panagiotis Kl. Barkoutsos
Jens Eisert
Ivano Tavernelli
author_facet Daniel Miller
Laurin E. Fischer
Kyano Levi
Eric J. Kuehnke
Igor O. Sokolov
Panagiotis Kl. Barkoutsos
Jens Eisert
Ivano Tavernelli
author_sort Daniel Miller
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A central building block of many quantum algorithms is the diagonalization of Pauli operators. Although it is always possible to construct a quantum circuit that simultaneously diagonalizes a given set of commuting Pauli operators, only resource-efficient circuits can be executed reliably on near-term quantum computers. Generic diagonalization circuits, in contrast, often lead to an unaffordable SWAP gate overhead on quantum devices with limited hardware connectivity. A common alternative is to exclude two-qubit gates altogether. However, this comes at the severe cost of restricting the class of diagonalizable sets of Pauli operators to tensor product bases (TPBs). In this article, we introduce a theoretical framework for constructing hardware-tailored (HT) diagonalization circuits. Our framework establishes a systematic and highly flexible procedure for tailoring diagonalization circuits with ultra-low gate counts. We highlight promising use cases of our framework and – as a proof-of-principle application – we devise an efficient algorithm for grouping the Pauli operators of a given Hamiltonian into jointly-HT-diagonalizable sets. For several classes of Hamiltonians, we observe that our approach requires fewer measurements than conventional TPB approaches. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that HT circuits can improve the efficiency of estimating expectation values with cloud-based quantum computers.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2056-6387
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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series npj Quantum Information
spelling doaj-art-1825a941cc414038944bf0d50fd4866c2024-11-24T12:37:33ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872024-11-0110111110.1038/s41534-024-00901-1Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuitsDaniel Miller0Laurin E. Fischer1Kyano Levi2Eric J. Kuehnke3Igor O. Sokolov4Panagiotis Kl. Barkoutsos5Jens Eisert6Ivano Tavernelli7Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinIBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe—ZurichDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinIBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe—ZurichIBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe—ZurichDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinIBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe—ZurichAbstract A central building block of many quantum algorithms is the diagonalization of Pauli operators. Although it is always possible to construct a quantum circuit that simultaneously diagonalizes a given set of commuting Pauli operators, only resource-efficient circuits can be executed reliably on near-term quantum computers. Generic diagonalization circuits, in contrast, often lead to an unaffordable SWAP gate overhead on quantum devices with limited hardware connectivity. A common alternative is to exclude two-qubit gates altogether. However, this comes at the severe cost of restricting the class of diagonalizable sets of Pauli operators to tensor product bases (TPBs). In this article, we introduce a theoretical framework for constructing hardware-tailored (HT) diagonalization circuits. Our framework establishes a systematic and highly flexible procedure for tailoring diagonalization circuits with ultra-low gate counts. We highlight promising use cases of our framework and – as a proof-of-principle application – we devise an efficient algorithm for grouping the Pauli operators of a given Hamiltonian into jointly-HT-diagonalizable sets. For several classes of Hamiltonians, we observe that our approach requires fewer measurements than conventional TPB approaches. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that HT circuits can improve the efficiency of estimating expectation values with cloud-based quantum computers.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00901-1
spellingShingle Daniel Miller
Laurin E. Fischer
Kyano Levi
Eric J. Kuehnke
Igor O. Sokolov
Panagiotis Kl. Barkoutsos
Jens Eisert
Ivano Tavernelli
Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
npj Quantum Information
title Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
title_full Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
title_fullStr Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
title_full_unstemmed Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
title_short Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
title_sort hardware tailored diagonalization circuits
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00901-1
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AT kyanolevi hardwaretailoreddiagonalizationcircuits
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AT igorosokolov hardwaretailoreddiagonalizationcircuits
AT panagiotisklbarkoutsos hardwaretailoreddiagonalizationcircuits
AT jenseisert hardwaretailoreddiagonalizationcircuits
AT ivanotavernelli hardwaretailoreddiagonalizationcircuits