Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru
High Andean ecosystems within microbasins serve as crucial areas for water recharge, containing both surface and subsurface moisture. However, these ecosystems are currently under threat due to overgrazing, degradation, and the impacts of climate change. The objective is to validate the subsoil mois...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | International Soil and Water Conservation Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633924000480 |
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| author | Wilmer Moncada Alex Pereda Manuel Masías Manuel Lagos Edwin Portal-Quicaña Cristhian Aldana Yesenia Saavedra Edwin Saavedra |
| author_facet | Wilmer Moncada Alex Pereda Manuel Masías Manuel Lagos Edwin Portal-Quicaña Cristhian Aldana Yesenia Saavedra Edwin Saavedra |
| author_sort | Wilmer Moncada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High Andean ecosystems within microbasins serve as crucial areas for water recharge, containing both surface and subsurface moisture. However, these ecosystems are currently under threat due to overgrazing, degradation, and the impacts of climate change. The objective is to validate the subsoil moisture of bofedal estimated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data in comparison to in-situ measurements obtained with a soil moisture meter (SMM) in the Apacheta microbasin of the Ayacucho region. The validation method involves comparing soil moisture values obtained with the SMM, with the estimated dielectric permittivity (DP) values from GPR surveys along four transects (T) in a bofedal. Reflected wave amplitude data are converted to DP values to identify water pockets (70<DP<81) and saturated soil moisture (10<DP<40). An analysis of the determination coefficient R2 and the Kappa index (κ) was conducted between both groups of bofedal subsoil moisture data along the four surveyed transects at depths ranging from 0 to 24 cm that contain water and saturated moisture. T1 contains a volume of 1,16m3 (47.85 %), T2 has 0.98m3 (46.6 %), T3 lacks water (40.8 %), and T4 holds 0.63m3 (31.45 %). The correlation of DP data with SMM for T1 (R2=0.801), T2 (R2=0.949), T3 (R2=0.837) y T4 (R2=0.842) implies that the SMM measurements significantly explain the estimated DP. Moreover, the kappa test demonstrated good agreement reliability between both observations made with GPR and SMM, with κ=0.763;[95%CI:0.471−1.055], indicating that the GPR method for measuring subsoil moisture is acceptable with an 87.5% confidence level. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-17caa8e9b2c940d48c9245fdff573aa6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2095-6339 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
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| series | International Soil and Water Conservation Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-17caa8e9b2c940d48c9245fdff573aa62025-01-07T04:17:16ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.International Soil and Water Conservation Research2095-63392025-03-01131122133Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - PeruWilmer Moncada0Alex Pereda1Manuel Masías2Manuel Lagos3Edwin Portal-Quicaña4Cristhian Aldana5Yesenia Saavedra6Edwin Saavedra7National University of San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru; Corresponding author.National University of San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, PeruNational University of San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, PeruNational University of San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, PeruNational University of San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, PeruNational University of Frontera, Sullana, PeruNational University of Frontera, Sullana, PeruNational University of Frontera, Sullana, PeruHigh Andean ecosystems within microbasins serve as crucial areas for water recharge, containing both surface and subsurface moisture. However, these ecosystems are currently under threat due to overgrazing, degradation, and the impacts of climate change. The objective is to validate the subsoil moisture of bofedal estimated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data in comparison to in-situ measurements obtained with a soil moisture meter (SMM) in the Apacheta microbasin of the Ayacucho region. The validation method involves comparing soil moisture values obtained with the SMM, with the estimated dielectric permittivity (DP) values from GPR surveys along four transects (T) in a bofedal. Reflected wave amplitude data are converted to DP values to identify water pockets (70<DP<81) and saturated soil moisture (10<DP<40). An analysis of the determination coefficient R2 and the Kappa index (κ) was conducted between both groups of bofedal subsoil moisture data along the four surveyed transects at depths ranging from 0 to 24 cm that contain water and saturated moisture. T1 contains a volume of 1,16m3 (47.85 %), T2 has 0.98m3 (46.6 %), T3 lacks water (40.8 %), and T4 holds 0.63m3 (31.45 %). The correlation of DP data with SMM for T1 (R2=0.801), T2 (R2=0.949), T3 (R2=0.837) y T4 (R2=0.842) implies that the SMM measurements significantly explain the estimated DP. Moreover, the kappa test demonstrated good agreement reliability between both observations made with GPR and SMM, with κ=0.763;[95%CI:0.471−1.055], indicating that the GPR method for measuring subsoil moisture is acceptable with an 87.5% confidence level.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633924000480Ground-penetrating radarBofedalSubsoilSoil moistureDielectric permittivityReflected wave amplitude |
| spellingShingle | Wilmer Moncada Alex Pereda Manuel Masías Manuel Lagos Edwin Portal-Quicaña Cristhian Aldana Yesenia Saavedra Edwin Saavedra Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru International Soil and Water Conservation Research Ground-penetrating radar Bofedal Subsoil Soil moisture Dielectric permittivity Reflected wave amplitude |
| title | Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru |
| title_full | Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru |
| title_short | Estimation of soil moisture of a high Andean wetland ecosystem (Bofedal) with geo-radar data and In-Situ measurements, Ayacucho - Peru |
| title_sort | estimation of soil moisture of a high andean wetland ecosystem bofedal with geo radar data and in situ measurements ayacucho peru |
| topic | Ground-penetrating radar Bofedal Subsoil Soil moisture Dielectric permittivity Reflected wave amplitude |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633924000480 |
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