Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies

This study explored the antimicrobial potential of <i>Piper betle</i> L. (PBL) and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. (PNL) extracts against MRSA. Plant parts including stem, leaf, and fruit were extracted using aquadest, methanol, and hexane, resulting in 18 distinct extracts. FT-IR com...

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Main Authors: Budiman Yasir, Suwahyuni Mus, Sitti Rahimah, Rein Mostatian Tandiongan, Kasandra Putri Klara, Nurul Afrida, Nur Rezky Khairun Nisaa, Risna Risna, Agum Wahyudha Jur, Gemini Alam, Abdul Rohman
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Separations
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/322
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author Budiman Yasir
Suwahyuni Mus
Sitti Rahimah
Rein Mostatian Tandiongan
Kasandra Putri Klara
Nurul Afrida
Nur Rezky Khairun Nisaa
Risna Risna
Agum Wahyudha Jur
Gemini Alam
Abdul Rohman
author_facet Budiman Yasir
Suwahyuni Mus
Sitti Rahimah
Rein Mostatian Tandiongan
Kasandra Putri Klara
Nurul Afrida
Nur Rezky Khairun Nisaa
Risna Risna
Agum Wahyudha Jur
Gemini Alam
Abdul Rohman
author_sort Budiman Yasir
collection DOAJ
description This study explored the antimicrobial potential of <i>Piper betle</i> L. (PBL) and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. (PNL) extracts against MRSA. Plant parts including stem, leaf, and fruit were extracted using aquadest, methanol, and hexane, resulting in 18 distinct extracts. FT-IR combined with cluster analysis (CA) categorized the extracts, and anti-MRSA activity was assessed through the paper disk diffusion method. The most potent extracts were further analyzed using GC-MS to identify bioactive compounds. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted for MRSA protein targets (4DKI, 6H5O, and 4CJN). The hexane extract of PNL and the aqueous extract of PBL fruit showed the strongest inhibitory effects. GC-MS identified piperine (14.22%) and diisooctyl phthalate (14.67%) as major compounds, with piperolein B, piperanine, β-caryophyllene oxide, and α-caryophylladienol as minor compounds in the hexane extract of PNL, while hydroxychavicol (81.89%) and chavibetol (12.01%) were predominant in the aquadest extract of PBL. Molecular docking revealed that piperolein B and piperine had strong binding affinities to MRSA proteins 4DKI, 6H5O, and 4CJN, comparable to ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of PBL and PNL as sources of novel anti-MRSA agents, supporting further research to develop new therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-16f43fecf94b4c6787247bc28bf83f862024-11-26T18:21:59ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392024-11-01111132210.3390/separations11110322Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking StudiesBudiman Yasir0Suwahyuni Mus1Sitti Rahimah2Rein Mostatian Tandiongan3Kasandra Putri Klara4Nurul Afrida5Nur Rezky Khairun Nisaa6Risna Risna7Agum Wahyudha Jur8Gemini Alam9Abdul Rohman10Faculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75242, IndonesiaSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Jayapura, Papua 99352, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaThis study explored the antimicrobial potential of <i>Piper betle</i> L. (PBL) and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. (PNL) extracts against MRSA. Plant parts including stem, leaf, and fruit were extracted using aquadest, methanol, and hexane, resulting in 18 distinct extracts. FT-IR combined with cluster analysis (CA) categorized the extracts, and anti-MRSA activity was assessed through the paper disk diffusion method. The most potent extracts were further analyzed using GC-MS to identify bioactive compounds. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted for MRSA protein targets (4DKI, 6H5O, and 4CJN). The hexane extract of PNL and the aqueous extract of PBL fruit showed the strongest inhibitory effects. GC-MS identified piperine (14.22%) and diisooctyl phthalate (14.67%) as major compounds, with piperolein B, piperanine, β-caryophyllene oxide, and α-caryophylladienol as minor compounds in the hexane extract of PNL, while hydroxychavicol (81.89%) and chavibetol (12.01%) were predominant in the aquadest extract of PBL. Molecular docking revealed that piperolein B and piperine had strong binding affinities to MRSA proteins 4DKI, 6H5O, and 4CJN, comparable to ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of PBL and PNL as sources of novel anti-MRSA agents, supporting further research to develop new therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/322<i>Piper</i> extractscluster analysisMRSAFourier transform infraredgas chromatography-mass spectrometryin silico studies
spellingShingle Budiman Yasir
Suwahyuni Mus
Sitti Rahimah
Rein Mostatian Tandiongan
Kasandra Putri Klara
Nurul Afrida
Nur Rezky Khairun Nisaa
Risna Risna
Agum Wahyudha Jur
Gemini Alam
Abdul Rohman
Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies
Separations
<i>Piper</i> extracts
cluster analysis
MRSA
Fourier transform infrared
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
in silico studies
title Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies
title_full Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies
title_short Antimicrobial Profiling of <i>Piper betle</i> L. and <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): Integrative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Based on FT-IR, GC-MS, and Molecular Docking Studies
title_sort antimicrobial profiling of i piper betle i l and i piper nigrum i l against methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i mrsa integrative analysis of bioactive compounds based on ft ir gc ms and molecular docking studies
topic <i>Piper</i> extracts
cluster analysis
MRSA
Fourier transform infrared
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
in silico studies
url https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/322
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