Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies

Abstract Background The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among young adults and more rectal cancers are reported. This study aimed to identify the clinical features specific for early‐onset rectal cancer and provide insights on cancer management. Methods Early‐onset (<50 years) and la...

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Main Authors: Dingcheng Shen, Puning Wang, Yumo Xie, Zhuokai Zhuang, Mingxuan Zhu, Xiaolin Wang, Meijin Huang, Yanxin Luo, Huichuan Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-02-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5120
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author Dingcheng Shen
Puning Wang
Yumo Xie
Zhuokai Zhuang
Mingxuan Zhu
Xiaolin Wang
Meijin Huang
Yanxin Luo
Huichuan Yu
author_facet Dingcheng Shen
Puning Wang
Yumo Xie
Zhuokai Zhuang
Mingxuan Zhu
Xiaolin Wang
Meijin Huang
Yanxin Luo
Huichuan Yu
author_sort Dingcheng Shen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among young adults and more rectal cancers are reported. This study aimed to identify the clinical features specific for early‐onset rectal cancer and provide insights on cancer management. Methods Early‐onset (<50 years) and late‐onset (≥50 years) rectal cancer patients from a referral tertiary care center (SYSU cohort) and Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER cohort) were included to perform a comprehensive comparison on clinical information. Results A total of 552 and 80,341 patients with stages I–III rectal cancer were included in the SYSU and SEER cohorts, respectively. In the SYSU cohort, early‐onset diseases had significantly higher prevalence of family history of cancer and history of HBV infection and lower incidence of comorbidities (p < 0.05). In addition, early‐onset patients presented more frequently with advanced node stage (N2 stage: 16.9 vs. 9.3%, p = 0.017) and high‐risk features, including mucinous or signet cell carcinomas (21.8 vs. 12.9%, p = 0.014), poorly differentiated tumors (28.8 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.002), and perineural invasion (14.5 vs. 7.9%, p = 0.027) compared with late‐onset patients. However, early‐onset patients received more neoadjuvant (18.5 vs. 11.2%, p = 0.032) and adjuvant treatments (71.0 vs. 45.8%, p < 0.001), and they had better overall survival in both SYSU (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95; p = 0.029) and SEER (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.37–0.40; p < 0.001) cohorts. Conclusion Early‐onset rectal cancers are distinct from late‐onset cases in clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and outcomes. The clinical trials and studies that are specific for young populations are needed to develop optimal strategies for cancer screening, treatment, and surveillance.
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spelling doaj-art-1685ce8406054de1aa3880411e45ab342024-11-25T07:56:32ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342023-02-011233433344110.1002/cam4.5120Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategiesDingcheng Shen0Puning Wang1Yumo Xie2Zhuokai Zhuang3Mingxuan Zhu4Xiaolin Wang5Meijin Huang6Yanxin Luo7Huichuan Yu8Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaGuangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong ChinaAbstract Background The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among young adults and more rectal cancers are reported. This study aimed to identify the clinical features specific for early‐onset rectal cancer and provide insights on cancer management. Methods Early‐onset (<50 years) and late‐onset (≥50 years) rectal cancer patients from a referral tertiary care center (SYSU cohort) and Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER cohort) were included to perform a comprehensive comparison on clinical information. Results A total of 552 and 80,341 patients with stages I–III rectal cancer were included in the SYSU and SEER cohorts, respectively. In the SYSU cohort, early‐onset diseases had significantly higher prevalence of family history of cancer and history of HBV infection and lower incidence of comorbidities (p < 0.05). In addition, early‐onset patients presented more frequently with advanced node stage (N2 stage: 16.9 vs. 9.3%, p = 0.017) and high‐risk features, including mucinous or signet cell carcinomas (21.8 vs. 12.9%, p = 0.014), poorly differentiated tumors (28.8 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.002), and perineural invasion (14.5 vs. 7.9%, p = 0.027) compared with late‐onset patients. However, early‐onset patients received more neoadjuvant (18.5 vs. 11.2%, p = 0.032) and adjuvant treatments (71.0 vs. 45.8%, p < 0.001), and they had better overall survival in both SYSU (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95; p = 0.029) and SEER (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.37–0.40; p < 0.001) cohorts. Conclusion Early‐onset rectal cancers are distinct from late‐onset cases in clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and outcomes. The clinical trials and studies that are specific for young populations are needed to develop optimal strategies for cancer screening, treatment, and surveillance.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5120cancer treatmentclinicopathological featuresearly‐onsetrectal canceryoung
spellingShingle Dingcheng Shen
Puning Wang
Yumo Xie
Zhuokai Zhuang
Mingxuan Zhu
Xiaolin Wang
Meijin Huang
Yanxin Luo
Huichuan Yu
Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
Cancer Medicine
cancer treatment
clinicopathological features
early‐onset
rectal cancer
young
title Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
title_full Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
title_fullStr Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
title_full_unstemmed Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
title_short Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
title_sort clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early onset patients and next generation treatment strategies
topic cancer treatment
clinicopathological features
early‐onset
rectal cancer
young
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5120
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