The hypoglycemic effect of ginsenoside Rd in db/db mice is mediated by increased insulin sensitivity and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis

Ginsenoside Rd, one of the major components entering into the circulation from ginseng, is beneficial to health; however, its role and mechanism in improving T2DM require further exploration. In the current study, we explored the hypoglycemic effects of Rd in diabetic db/db mice and examined the und...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zaiqi Han, Haihui Yu, Zhe Liu, Yue Zhong, Sheng Chang, Xin Sun, Lu Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Functional Foods
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464624004778
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Summary:Ginsenoside Rd, one of the major components entering into the circulation from ginseng, is beneficial to health; however, its role and mechanism in improving T2DM require further exploration. In the current study, we explored the hypoglycemic effects of Rd in diabetic db/db mice and examined the underlying mechanisms. The results disclosed that after Rd treatment for four weeks, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pyruvate intolerance were improved; moreover, hepatic steatosis was ameliorated. Additionally, Rd increased the phosphorylated Akt ratio in insulin-regulated peripheral tissues and decreased hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that Rd decreased cellular glucose output from insulin-resistant mouse and human hepatocytes. Rd reduced gluconeogenic gene expression through inhibiting Foxo1 transcriptional activity. Taken together, our results suggest that Rd mitigates hyperglycemia in db/db mice by enhancing insulin sensitivity and diminishing hepatic gluconeogenesis, thus providing a theoretical principle for applying ginseng and ginsenoside Rd on curing T2DM.
ISSN:1756-4646