Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hexahedron core has been introduced for usage in petrochemical sensing operations. The performance of the proposed sensor has been statistically analyzed in the frequency band of 1.0 to 3.0 THz. Pure petrol, kerosene, and diesel are poured into the hexahedron co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425000030 |
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| author | Md. Anowar Kabir Md. Selim Hossain Ashik Muhammed Arman Md. Al-Amin Shuvo Sen |
| author_facet | Md. Anowar Kabir Md. Selim Hossain Ashik Muhammed Arman Md. Al-Amin Shuvo Sen |
| author_sort | Md. Anowar Kabir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hexahedron core has been introduced for usage in petrochemical sensing operations. The performance of the proposed sensor has been statistically analyzed in the frequency band of 1.0 to 3.0 THz. Pure petrol, kerosene, and diesel are poured into the hexahedron core hole. The Finite element Method (FEM) is handled for the simulation and precise calculation and investigation. The sensor utilizing PCF exhibits a relative sensitivity of about 97.80 %, 97.45 %, and 96.25 % and a confinement loss of approximately 1.88 × 10−8 dB/m, 1.90 × 10−8 dB/m, and 1.85 × 10−8 dB/m at 2.20 THz for all investigated Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel petrochemicals. Moreover, effective areas are values of 7.75 × 10−8 m2, 7.80 × 10−8 m2, and 6.98 × 10−8 m2, and the effective material loss for Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel of 0.0066168 cm−1, 0.0066955 cm−1 and 0.0066988 cm−1, respectively at 2.20 THz. Both 3D printing and extrusion can be used to create this photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor. In addition, this heptagonal photonic crystal fiber sensor will be used for biomedical sensing and various industry fields related to sensing sectors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-165f8c4c8fe14841aabeffdc2ccba4f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-1804 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-165f8c4c8fe14841aabeffdc2ccba4f02025-01-11T06:41:24ZengElsevierSensing and Bio-Sensing Research2214-18042025-02-0147100737Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domainMd. Anowar Kabir0Md. Selim Hossain1Ashik Muhammed Arman2Md. Al-Amin3Shuvo Sen4Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, BangladeshDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, BangladeshMaster of Technology (Software Engineering), Federation University, AustraliaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Daffodil International University (DIU), Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; Corresponding author at: Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hexahedron core has been introduced for usage in petrochemical sensing operations. The performance of the proposed sensor has been statistically analyzed in the frequency band of 1.0 to 3.0 THz. Pure petrol, kerosene, and diesel are poured into the hexahedron core hole. The Finite element Method (FEM) is handled for the simulation and precise calculation and investigation. The sensor utilizing PCF exhibits a relative sensitivity of about 97.80 %, 97.45 %, and 96.25 % and a confinement loss of approximately 1.88 × 10−8 dB/m, 1.90 × 10−8 dB/m, and 1.85 × 10−8 dB/m at 2.20 THz for all investigated Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel petrochemicals. Moreover, effective areas are values of 7.75 × 10−8 m2, 7.80 × 10−8 m2, and 6.98 × 10−8 m2, and the effective material loss for Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel of 0.0066168 cm−1, 0.0066955 cm−1 and 0.0066988 cm−1, respectively at 2.20 THz. Both 3D printing and extrusion can be used to create this photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor. In addition, this heptagonal photonic crystal fiber sensor will be used for biomedical sensing and various industry fields related to sensing sectors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425000030BiosensorPCFPetrochemicalsSensorConfinement lossRelative sensitivity |
| spellingShingle | Md. Anowar Kabir Md. Selim Hossain Ashik Muhammed Arman Md. Al-Amin Shuvo Sen Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Biosensor PCF Petrochemicals Sensor Confinement loss Relative sensitivity |
| title | Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain |
| title_full | Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain |
| title_fullStr | Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain |
| title_short | Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain |
| title_sort | detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber pcf in terahertz domain |
| topic | Biosensor PCF Petrochemicals Sensor Confinement loss Relative sensitivity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425000030 |
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