Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis

Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage exhibits higher prevalences in women. However, it remains unclear whether this disparity is correlated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) incidence and accompanying risk factors. We aimed to clarify the sex differences in incidence and risk factors for...

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Main Authors: Chao Zhang, Wenjuan Tang, Pengzhan Yin, Chen Yang, Xintong Zhao, Xinggen Fang, Mingquan Ye, Yunfeng Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038952
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author Chao Zhang
Wenjuan Tang
Pengzhan Yin
Chen Yang
Xintong Zhao
Xinggen Fang
Mingquan Ye
Yunfeng Zhou
author_facet Chao Zhang
Wenjuan Tang
Pengzhan Yin
Chen Yang
Xintong Zhao
Xinggen Fang
Mingquan Ye
Yunfeng Zhou
author_sort Chao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage exhibits higher prevalences in women. However, it remains unclear whether this disparity is correlated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) incidence and accompanying risk factors. We aimed to clarify the sex differences in incidence and risk factors for DCI following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods We included consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent endovascular coiling in a prospective database from November 2015 to September 2023. DCI was defined using the 2010 Multidisciplinary Research Group definition. Propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression were employed to mitigate confounders and identify risk factors, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed to further evaluate sex differences by age groups. Results Among the 905 patients included, 215 women were matched with 215 men after propensity score matching. Women exhibited a higher DCI incidence than men (64.6% versus 35.4%, odds ratio [OR], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.39–3.45]; P<0.001). In addition to acute hydrocephalus and modified Fisher Score, the 2 shared independent risk factors for both sexes. Age (OR, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.56–4.66]; P<0.001), fasting glucose (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06–1.24]; P<0.001), Hunt–Hess grade (OR, 3.18 [95% CI, 1.61–6.41]; P<0.001), intracerebral hematoma (OR, 2.40 [95% CI, 1.29–4.51]; P=0.006), and transit time to the center of the impulse response function (OR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.09–2.08]; P=0.017) were additional risk factors for women. There was no interaction between sex and each risk factors on DCI (all P for interaction >0.05). Conclusions Women exhibited a significantly higher tendency for DCI compared with men. Furthermore, sex‐specific differences in DCI risk factors may be useful for risk stratification.
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spelling doaj-art-157b0b69f12e4c3db823d4893ffd04082025-08-20T07:24:52ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-08-01141610.1161/JAHA.124.038952Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched AnalysisChao Zhang0Wenjuan Tang1Pengzhan Yin2Chen Yang3Xintong Zhao4Xinggen Fang5Mingquan Ye6Yunfeng Zhou7Department of Radiology Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu Anhui ChinaDepartment of Radiology Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei ChinaDepartment of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui ChinaDepartment of Radiology Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu Anhui ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu Anhui ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu Anhui ChinaSchool of Medical Information Wannan Medical College Wuhu Anhui ChinaDepartment of Radiology Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu Anhui ChinaBackground Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage exhibits higher prevalences in women. However, it remains unclear whether this disparity is correlated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) incidence and accompanying risk factors. We aimed to clarify the sex differences in incidence and risk factors for DCI following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods We included consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent endovascular coiling in a prospective database from November 2015 to September 2023. DCI was defined using the 2010 Multidisciplinary Research Group definition. Propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression were employed to mitigate confounders and identify risk factors, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed to further evaluate sex differences by age groups. Results Among the 905 patients included, 215 women were matched with 215 men after propensity score matching. Women exhibited a higher DCI incidence than men (64.6% versus 35.4%, odds ratio [OR], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.39–3.45]; P<0.001). In addition to acute hydrocephalus and modified Fisher Score, the 2 shared independent risk factors for both sexes. Age (OR, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.56–4.66]; P<0.001), fasting glucose (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06–1.24]; P<0.001), Hunt–Hess grade (OR, 3.18 [95% CI, 1.61–6.41]; P<0.001), intracerebral hematoma (OR, 2.40 [95% CI, 1.29–4.51]; P=0.006), and transit time to the center of the impulse response function (OR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.09–2.08]; P=0.017) were additional risk factors for women. There was no interaction between sex and each risk factors on DCI (all P for interaction >0.05). Conclusions Women exhibited a significantly higher tendency for DCI compared with men. Furthermore, sex‐specific differences in DCI risk factors may be useful for risk stratification.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038952aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhagedelayed cerebral ischemiaincidencepropensity score matchingrisk factorsex differences
spellingShingle Chao Zhang
Wenjuan Tang
Pengzhan Yin
Chen Yang
Xintong Zhao
Xinggen Fang
Mingquan Ye
Yunfeng Zhou
Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
delayed cerebral ischemia
incidence
propensity score matching
risk factor
sex differences
title Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
title_full Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
title_fullStr Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
title_short Sex Differences in Incidence and Risk Factors for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
title_sort sex differences in incidence and risk factors for delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage a propensity score matched analysis
topic aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
delayed cerebral ischemia
incidence
propensity score matching
risk factor
sex differences
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.038952
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