Early NK-cell and T-cell dysfunction marks progression to severe dengue in patients with obesity and healthy weight

Abstract Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus infection affecting half of the world’s population for which therapies are lacking. The role of T and NK-cells in protection/immunopathogenesis remains unclear for dengue. We performed a longitudinal phenotypic, functional and transcriptional analyses of T a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Michaela Gregorova, Marianna Santopaolo, Lucy C. Garner, Rahma F. Hayati, Divya Diamond, Narayan Ramamurthy, Vi Thuy Tran, Nguyet Minh Nguyen, Kate J. Heesom, Vuong Lam Nguyen, Eben Jones, Mike Nsubuga, Curtis Luscombe, Hoa Thi My Vo, Chanh Quang Ho, Chau Thi Xuan Nguyen, Tam Thi Hoai Dong, Duyen Thi Le Huynh, Tam Thi Cao, Andrew D. Davidson, Paul Klenerman, Sophie Yacoub, Laura Rivino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60941-9
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Abstract Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus infection affecting half of the world’s population for which therapies are lacking. The role of T and NK-cells in protection/immunopathogenesis remains unclear for dengue. We performed a longitudinal phenotypic, functional and transcriptional analyses of T and NK-cells in 124 dengue patients using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing. We show that T/NK-cell signatures early in infection discriminate patients who develop severe dengue (SD) from those who do not. These signatures are exacerbated in patients with overweight/obesity compared to healthy weight patients, supporting their increased susceptibility to SD. In SD, CD4+/CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells display increased co-inhibitory receptor expression and decreased cytotoxic potential compared to non-SD. Using transcriptional and proteomics approaches we show decreased type-I Interferon responses in SD, suggesting defective innate immunity may underlie NK/T-cell dysfunction. We propose that dysfunctional T and NK-cell signatures underpin dengue pathogenesis and may represent novel targets for immunomodulatory therapy in dengue.
ISSN:2041-1723