Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming

Hainan medaka (Oryzias curvinotus) is a small euryhaline fish species native to the northern margin of the South China Sea. Our long-term field observations indicate a concerning decline in its wild resources. Climate change, an uncontrollable factor, has altered the species’ distribution pattern. I...

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Main Authors: Jian Liao, Hao Chen, Jia-Yu Li, Gao-Cong Li, Xian Guan, Cai-Feng Liang, Yu-Song Guo, Zhong-Dian Dong, Zhong-Duo Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1391800/full
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author Jian Liao
Jian Liao
Hao Chen
Jia-Yu Li
Gao-Cong Li
Xian Guan
Cai-Feng Liang
Yu-Song Guo
Zhong-Dian Dong
Zhong-Duo Wang
author_facet Jian Liao
Jian Liao
Hao Chen
Jia-Yu Li
Gao-Cong Li
Xian Guan
Cai-Feng Liang
Yu-Song Guo
Zhong-Dian Dong
Zhong-Duo Wang
author_sort Jian Liao
collection DOAJ
description Hainan medaka (Oryzias curvinotus) is a small euryhaline fish species native to the northern margin of the South China Sea. Our long-term field observations indicate a concerning decline in its wild resources. Climate change, an uncontrollable factor, has altered the species’ distribution pattern. In this study, we simulated the shifts in the species range of O. curvinotus during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), current, and the next one hundred year, and analyzed its habitat attributes. The results demonstrate that bio2 (mean diurnal range of temperature) is a crucial factor in shaping the species range of O. curvinotus. The simulation results reveal that the current habitats are located in the coastal areas of northern Vietnam, the northeastern Hainan Province, the coastal areas of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a few areas in Taiwan Province of China, covering a total area of 17.82×104 km2. Highly suitable habitats are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of Hai Phong, Nam Dinh, and Thanh Hoa in northern Vietnam, the central part of Leizhou Peninsula, and the west coast of the Pearl River Estuary. For the tropical species Hainan medaka, the impact of the LGM was relatively minor, and there were extensive suitable habitats during historical times, including three refugia. Currently, only Refugium 2 near Guanghai Town, Taishan County, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province in China remains, while the other two refugia have submerged below sea level. Future climate warming under different carbon emission levels is projected to cause a short-term expansion, followed by a relief in expansion. By 2100, the potential habitat area of O. curvinotus is slightly larger than the current scenario. It is noteworthy that under future climate warming scenarios, the highly suitable habitats will not migrate northward but will expand near the 21°N latitude. Overall, Hainan medaka is not expected to be threatened in the future. Our study provides long-term dynamic distribution data, which provides a theoretical basis for the long-term development and conservation management of Hainan medaka.
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series Frontiers in Marine Science
spelling doaj-art-15021f2434f142b59c78406feb2065be2024-12-23T14:48:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-12-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13918001391800Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warmingJian Liao0Jian Liao1Hao Chen2Jia-Yu Li3Gao-Cong Li4Xian Guan5Cai-Feng Liang6Yu-Song Guo7Zhong-Dian Dong8Zhong-Duo Wang9Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Fisheries College, Zhanjiang, ChinaHainan medaka (Oryzias curvinotus) is a small euryhaline fish species native to the northern margin of the South China Sea. Our long-term field observations indicate a concerning decline in its wild resources. Climate change, an uncontrollable factor, has altered the species’ distribution pattern. In this study, we simulated the shifts in the species range of O. curvinotus during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), current, and the next one hundred year, and analyzed its habitat attributes. The results demonstrate that bio2 (mean diurnal range of temperature) is a crucial factor in shaping the species range of O. curvinotus. The simulation results reveal that the current habitats are located in the coastal areas of northern Vietnam, the northeastern Hainan Province, the coastal areas of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a few areas in Taiwan Province of China, covering a total area of 17.82×104 km2. Highly suitable habitats are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of Hai Phong, Nam Dinh, and Thanh Hoa in northern Vietnam, the central part of Leizhou Peninsula, and the west coast of the Pearl River Estuary. For the tropical species Hainan medaka, the impact of the LGM was relatively minor, and there were extensive suitable habitats during historical times, including three refugia. Currently, only Refugium 2 near Guanghai Town, Taishan County, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province in China remains, while the other two refugia have submerged below sea level. Future climate warming under different carbon emission levels is projected to cause a short-term expansion, followed by a relief in expansion. By 2100, the potential habitat area of O. curvinotus is slightly larger than the current scenario. It is noteworthy that under future climate warming scenarios, the highly suitable habitats will not migrate northward but will expand near the 21°N latitude. Overall, Hainan medaka is not expected to be threatened in the future. Our study provides long-term dynamic distribution data, which provides a theoretical basis for the long-term development and conservation management of Hainan medaka.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1391800/fullOryzias curvinotusclimate changehabitatstropical speciesdistribution
spellingShingle Jian Liao
Jian Liao
Hao Chen
Jia-Yu Li
Gao-Cong Li
Xian Guan
Cai-Feng Liang
Yu-Song Guo
Zhong-Dian Dong
Zhong-Duo Wang
Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming
Frontiers in Marine Science
Oryzias curvinotus
climate change
habitats
tropical species
distribution
title Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming
title_full Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming
title_fullStr Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming
title_full_unstemmed Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming
title_short Habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the South China Sea under the background of global warming
title_sort habitat changes of a small endemic euryhaline fish species in the northern margin of the south china sea under the background of global warming
topic Oryzias curvinotus
climate change
habitats
tropical species
distribution
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1391800/full
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