Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal

Abstract In this study, we employed a modeling approach to describe how changes in age-specific epidemiological characteristics, such as behaviour, i.e. contact patterns, susceptibility and infectivity, influence the basic reproduction number $$R_0$$ R 0 , while accounting for heterogeneity in trans...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Constantino Caetano, Leonardo Angeli, Irma Varela-Lasheras, Pietro Coletti, Luisa Morgado, Pedro Lima, Lander Willem, Baltazar Nunes, Niel Hens
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76604-6
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846101311974539264
author Constantino Caetano
Leonardo Angeli
Irma Varela-Lasheras
Pietro Coletti
Luisa Morgado
Pedro Lima
Lander Willem
Baltazar Nunes
Niel Hens
author_facet Constantino Caetano
Leonardo Angeli
Irma Varela-Lasheras
Pietro Coletti
Luisa Morgado
Pedro Lima
Lander Willem
Baltazar Nunes
Niel Hens
author_sort Constantino Caetano
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this study, we employed a modeling approach to describe how changes in age-specific epidemiological characteristics, such as behaviour, i.e. contact patterns, susceptibility and infectivity, influence the basic reproduction number $$R_0$$ R 0 , while accounting for heterogeneity in transmission. We computed sensitivity measures related to $$R_0$$ R 0 , that describe the relative contribution of each age group towards overall transmission. Additionally, we proposed a new indicator that provides the expected relative change in the number of new infections, given a public health intervention. Studying the outbreak of COVID-19 in Portugal during March 2020, our results show that the main drivers of transmission were individuals 30–59 years old. Furthermore, by studying the impact of imposed changes in susceptibility and infectivity, our results demonstrate that a 10% decrease in susceptibility for the 30–39 years old results in a incidence reduction after 3 generations of approximately 17% in this age group and 4–6% reduction as an indirect effect in the remaining age groups. The presented methodology provides tools to inform the allocation strategy of mitigation measures in an outbreak of an infectious disease. Its inherent versatility enables the easy incorporation of data specific to various populations, facilitating a comparative analysis of epidemic control effects across different countries.
format Article
id doaj-art-14fb327a0342418bb715fcc1d7f31a1f
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-14fb327a0342418bb715fcc1d7f31a1f2024-12-29T12:15:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-011411710.1038/s41598-024-76604-6Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in PortugalConstantino Caetano0Leonardo Angeli1Irma Varela-Lasheras2Pietro Coletti3Luisa Morgado4Pedro Lima5Lander Willem6Baltazar Nunes7Niel Hens8Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo JorgeInteruniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt UniversityDepartamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo JorgeInteruniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt UniversityCenter for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics, Instituto Superior TécnicoCenter for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics, Instituto Superior TécnicoCentre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of AntwerpDepartamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo JorgeInteruniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt UniversityAbstract In this study, we employed a modeling approach to describe how changes in age-specific epidemiological characteristics, such as behaviour, i.e. contact patterns, susceptibility and infectivity, influence the basic reproduction number $$R_0$$ R 0 , while accounting for heterogeneity in transmission. We computed sensitivity measures related to $$R_0$$ R 0 , that describe the relative contribution of each age group towards overall transmission. Additionally, we proposed a new indicator that provides the expected relative change in the number of new infections, given a public health intervention. Studying the outbreak of COVID-19 in Portugal during March 2020, our results show that the main drivers of transmission were individuals 30–59 years old. Furthermore, by studying the impact of imposed changes in susceptibility and infectivity, our results demonstrate that a 10% decrease in susceptibility for the 30–39 years old results in a incidence reduction after 3 generations of approximately 17% in this age group and 4–6% reduction as an indirect effect in the remaining age groups. The presented methodology provides tools to inform the allocation strategy of mitigation measures in an outbreak of an infectious disease. Its inherent versatility enables the easy incorporation of data specific to various populations, facilitating a comparative analysis of epidemic control effects across different countries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76604-6
spellingShingle Constantino Caetano
Leonardo Angeli
Irma Varela-Lasheras
Pietro Coletti
Luisa Morgado
Pedro Lima
Lander Willem
Baltazar Nunes
Niel Hens
Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
Scientific Reports
title Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
title_full Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
title_fullStr Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
title_full_unstemmed Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
title_short Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal
title_sort identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the covid 19 pandemic in portugal
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76604-6
work_keys_str_mv AT constantinocaetano identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT leonardoangeli identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT irmavarelalasheras identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT pietrocoletti identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT luisamorgado identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT pedrolima identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT landerwillem identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT baltazarnunes identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal
AT nielhens identifyingthemaindriversoftransmissionintheearlyphaseofthecovid19pandemicinportugal