A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices
This article presents a 6.78 MHz single-stage wireless power transfer (WPT) receiver (RX) using 0X/1X regulating rectifier with improved voltage mode (VM) delay compensation for implantable medical devices (IMDs). The regulation of 0X/1X modes is achieved through pulse width modulation (PWM), with t...
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2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570091/ |
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| author | Silong Chen Guangyin Shi Xin Liu Xingchen Xu Bin Wang Zhiqiang Li |
| author_facet | Silong Chen Guangyin Shi Xin Liu Xingchen Xu Bin Wang Zhiqiang Li |
| author_sort | Silong Chen |
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| description | This article presents a 6.78 MHz single-stage wireless power transfer (WPT) receiver (RX) using 0X/1X regulating rectifier with improved voltage mode (VM) delay compensation for implantable medical devices (IMDs). The regulation of 0X/1X modes is achieved through pulse width modulation (PWM), with the frequency set at 1/16 of the carrier clock to ensure circuit stability and enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) under light loads. VM delay compensation has the advantage of power consumption. However, the traditional VM on-delay compensation may become ineffective because a large voltage pulse will occur on the RX side input when the circuit delays increase. Therefore, an improved VM on-delay compensation method is proposed. Coarse compensation for on-delays can be achieved by reusing the control signal generated from off-delay compensation loop, as off-delay compensation processes will not be influenced by on-delay compensation processes. It allows the on-delay compensation loop to function normally and finely compensate for on-delays. The proposed rectifier is designed in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS process. It can achieve output voltage management of 1.8V. Comparing with other regulating rectifier, the proposed rectifier has a fast transient response of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$14~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s and a small chip area of 0.91 mm2. The simulation results indicate that this rectifier can attain high PCE of 84.6% in light load (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$500\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and peak PCE of 93.5% in heavy load (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The high voltage conversion ratio (VCR) of over 93% is also achieved under the large circuit delays. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-13c5d2787acf4e1aaa9197010e4046e3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-13c5d2787acf4e1aaa9197010e4046e32024-11-28T00:00:57ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011211611411612510.1109/ACCESS.2024.341857110570091A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical DevicesSilong Chen0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5878-1865Guangyin Shi1https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5704-5094Xin Liu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-1641Xingchen Xu3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-6388Bin Wang4Zhiqiang Li5https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7463-8576Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThis article presents a 6.78 MHz single-stage wireless power transfer (WPT) receiver (RX) using 0X/1X regulating rectifier with improved voltage mode (VM) delay compensation for implantable medical devices (IMDs). The regulation of 0X/1X modes is achieved through pulse width modulation (PWM), with the frequency set at 1/16 of the carrier clock to ensure circuit stability and enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) under light loads. VM delay compensation has the advantage of power consumption. However, the traditional VM on-delay compensation may become ineffective because a large voltage pulse will occur on the RX side input when the circuit delays increase. Therefore, an improved VM on-delay compensation method is proposed. Coarse compensation for on-delays can be achieved by reusing the control signal generated from off-delay compensation loop, as off-delay compensation processes will not be influenced by on-delay compensation processes. It allows the on-delay compensation loop to function normally and finely compensate for on-delays. The proposed rectifier is designed in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS process. It can achieve output voltage management of 1.8V. Comparing with other regulating rectifier, the proposed rectifier has a fast transient response of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$14~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s and a small chip area of 0.91 mm2. The simulation results indicate that this rectifier can attain high PCE of 84.6% in light load (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$500\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and peak PCE of 93.5% in heavy load (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The high voltage conversion ratio (VCR) of over 93% is also achieved under the large circuit delays.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570091/Implantable medical devices (IMDs)pulse width modulation (PWM)power conversion efficiency (PCE)single-stage regulating rectifiervoltage mode (VM) delay compensationvoltage conversion ratio (VCR) |
| spellingShingle | Silong Chen Guangyin Shi Xin Liu Xingchen Xu Bin Wang Zhiqiang Li A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices IEEE Access Implantable medical devices (IMDs) pulse width modulation (PWM) power conversion efficiency (PCE) single-stage regulating rectifier voltage mode (VM) delay compensation voltage conversion ratio (VCR) |
| title | A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_full | A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_fullStr | A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_short | A Single-Stage 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier With Improved Voltage Mode Delay Compensation for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Medical Devices |
| title_sort | single stage 0x 1x regulating rectifier with improved voltage mode delay compensation for wirelessly powered implantable medical devices |
| topic | Implantable medical devices (IMDs) pulse width modulation (PWM) power conversion efficiency (PCE) single-stage regulating rectifier voltage mode (VM) delay compensation voltage conversion ratio (VCR) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570091/ |
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