Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure
Abstract Efficient energy management and maintaining an optimal indoor climate in buildings are critical tasks in today’s world. This paper presents an innovative approach to surrogate modeling for predicting indoor air temperature (IAT) in buildings, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques....
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-85026-3 |
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| author | Nataliya Shakhovska Lesia Mochurad Rosana Caro Sotirios Argyroudis |
| author_facet | Nataliya Shakhovska Lesia Mochurad Rosana Caro Sotirios Argyroudis |
| author_sort | Nataliya Shakhovska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Efficient energy management and maintaining an optimal indoor climate in buildings are critical tasks in today’s world. This paper presents an innovative approach to surrogate modeling for predicting indoor air temperature (IAT) in buildings, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques. At the core of this study is the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for time-series modeling, which significantly enhances the capture of temporal dependencies in temperature predictions. The proposed LSTM with RWCV (Rolling Window Cross-Validation) offers significant advantages over a usual LSTM in time-series tasks, particularly due to its ability to adapt to new data trends through the rolling window mechanism. It provides more robust and generalizable forecasts in dynamic environments, prevents overfitting through dropout and cross-validation, and improves model evaluation with temporal integrity. In contrast, traditional LSTM models are better suited for static, non-evolving datasets and may not handle dynamic time-series data effectively. To rigorously assess model performance, a comprehensive evaluation framework is developed, incorporating metrics such as mean square error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). Additionally, a novel cumulative error analysis method is introduced enabling real-time monitoring and model adjustment to maintain predictive accuracy over time. Test results demonstrate that model losses on the test dataset are only marginally higher than those on the training dataset, indicating robust generalization capabilities. Loss values range from 0.0004709 to 0.02819861, depending on building operating conditions. A comparative analysis reveals that Adaboost and Gradient Boosting models outperform linear regression, highlighting their potential for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor climate management in buildings. The findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed approach for IAT prediction and point towards further research possibilities in dataset expansion and model optimization to enhance building climate management and energy conservation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-12e6a004659c464a8fd5a3f8d4ef20c3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-12e6a004659c464a8fd5a3f8d4ef20c32025-01-05T12:16:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-024-85026-3Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructureNataliya Shakhovska0Lesia Mochurad1Rosana Caro2Sotirios Argyroudis3Artificial Intelligence Department, Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityArtificial Intelligence Department, Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityPolytechnic University of MadridBrunel University of LondonAbstract Efficient energy management and maintaining an optimal indoor climate in buildings are critical tasks in today’s world. This paper presents an innovative approach to surrogate modeling for predicting indoor air temperature (IAT) in buildings, leveraging advanced machine learning techniques. At the core of this study is the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for time-series modeling, which significantly enhances the capture of temporal dependencies in temperature predictions. The proposed LSTM with RWCV (Rolling Window Cross-Validation) offers significant advantages over a usual LSTM in time-series tasks, particularly due to its ability to adapt to new data trends through the rolling window mechanism. It provides more robust and generalizable forecasts in dynamic environments, prevents overfitting through dropout and cross-validation, and improves model evaluation with temporal integrity. In contrast, traditional LSTM models are better suited for static, non-evolving datasets and may not handle dynamic time-series data effectively. To rigorously assess model performance, a comprehensive evaluation framework is developed, incorporating metrics such as mean square error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). Additionally, a novel cumulative error analysis method is introduced enabling real-time monitoring and model adjustment to maintain predictive accuracy over time. Test results demonstrate that model losses on the test dataset are only marginally higher than those on the training dataset, indicating robust generalization capabilities. Loss values range from 0.0004709 to 0.02819861, depending on building operating conditions. A comparative analysis reveals that Adaboost and Gradient Boosting models outperform linear regression, highlighting their potential for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor climate management in buildings. The findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed approach for IAT prediction and point towards further research possibilities in dataset expansion and model optimization to enhance building climate management and energy conservation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-85026-3Surrogate modelingTime series forecastingLSTMEnergy efficiencySmart buildingsCumulative error analysis |
| spellingShingle | Nataliya Shakhovska Lesia Mochurad Rosana Caro Sotirios Argyroudis Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure Scientific Reports Surrogate modeling Time series forecasting LSTM Energy efficiency Smart buildings Cumulative error analysis |
| title | Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure |
| title_full | Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure |
| title_fullStr | Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure |
| title_short | Innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure |
| title_sort | innovative machine learning approaches for indoor air temperature forecasting in smart infrastructure |
| topic | Surrogate modeling Time series forecasting LSTM Energy efficiency Smart buildings Cumulative error analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-85026-3 |
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