Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data

Abstract Renewable energy cooperatives (RECs) are put forward by the European Union (EU) to transition to an inclusive and sustainable energy market by engaging citizens in renewable energy projects. However, little is known about the dynamics of REC membership over time and the difference between n...

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Main Authors: Melita Van Steenberghe, Aislinn D’hulster, Johannes Weytjens, Marten Ovaere, Koen Schoors
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025-07-01
Series:Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05447-x
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author Melita Van Steenberghe
Aislinn D’hulster
Johannes Weytjens
Marten Ovaere
Koen Schoors
author_facet Melita Van Steenberghe
Aislinn D’hulster
Johannes Weytjens
Marten Ovaere
Koen Schoors
author_sort Melita Van Steenberghe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Renewable energy cooperatives (RECs) are put forward by the European Union (EU) to transition to an inclusive and sustainable energy market by engaging citizens in renewable energy projects. However, little is known about the dynamics of REC membership over time and the difference between new members entering compared to existing members. This study investigates the demographic and financial profiles of members of 25 RECs in Belgium from 2012 to 2022, representing around 100,000 members. Analyzing anonymous transaction data from 1.3 million bank customers, we find that REC members typically have higher wealth, income, and consumption levels than non-members, with the gap widening over time. New members closely match the financial and age profiles of existing members, following the same upward, diverging trajectory, and indicating a trend towards a homogeneous and ageing membership. To diversify REC membership, we conducted surveys with REC members and non-members. The results reveal that potential new members are typically younger and wealthier residents who have better knowledge of RECs and a more pro-environmental mindset. These findings highlight the opportunity for RECs to innovate and engage a more diverse membership of citizens participating in the renewable energy transition.
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spelling doaj-art-12a1e9f3793e4541879c7c160f430ff12025-08-20T04:01:54ZengSpringer NatureHumanities & Social Sciences Communications2662-99922025-07-0112111110.1057/s41599-025-05447-xTracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction dataMelita Van Steenberghe0Aislinn D’hulster1Johannes Weytjens2Marten Ovaere3Koen Schoors4Department of Economics, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Economics, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Economics, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Economics, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Economics, Ghent UniversityAbstract Renewable energy cooperatives (RECs) are put forward by the European Union (EU) to transition to an inclusive and sustainable energy market by engaging citizens in renewable energy projects. However, little is known about the dynamics of REC membership over time and the difference between new members entering compared to existing members. This study investigates the demographic and financial profiles of members of 25 RECs in Belgium from 2012 to 2022, representing around 100,000 members. Analyzing anonymous transaction data from 1.3 million bank customers, we find that REC members typically have higher wealth, income, and consumption levels than non-members, with the gap widening over time. New members closely match the financial and age profiles of existing members, following the same upward, diverging trajectory, and indicating a trend towards a homogeneous and ageing membership. To diversify REC membership, we conducted surveys with REC members and non-members. The results reveal that potential new members are typically younger and wealthier residents who have better knowledge of RECs and a more pro-environmental mindset. These findings highlight the opportunity for RECs to innovate and engage a more diverse membership of citizens participating in the renewable energy transition.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05447-x
spellingShingle Melita Van Steenberghe
Aislinn D’hulster
Johannes Weytjens
Marten Ovaere
Koen Schoors
Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data
Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
title Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data
title_full Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data
title_fullStr Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data
title_full_unstemmed Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data
title_short Tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in Belgium using survey and bank transaction data
title_sort tracking demographic and financial trends in renewable energy cooperative membership in belgium using survey and bank transaction data
url https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05447-x
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