Pilot protection based on Hough fault index for lines connecting BESSs

The global installed capacity of battery energy storage station (BESS) is rapidly increasing to address the variability and randomness of renewable energy sources. However, the complex fault characteristics of BESS present challenges for traditional relay protection. This study proposes a protection...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yingyu Liang, Xing Wang, Anping Hao, Xiaoyang Yang, Chenwei Tian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025021073
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Summary:The global installed capacity of battery energy storage station (BESS) is rapidly increasing to address the variability and randomness of renewable energy sources. However, the complex fault characteristics of BESS present challenges for traditional relay protection. This study proposes a protection method based on the Hough fault index. First, how the integration of BESS affects traditional current differential protection is discussed. Then, a two-dimensional current trajectory is constructed using currents from both sides of the protected line, with the Hough transform applied to capture the slope characteristics. Four fault factors are defined in Hough space, with the maximum value used to distinguish internal and external faults. The method is tested using PSCAD/EMTDC software and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental platform. The results demonstrate its superiority over existing pilot protection methods for AC lines connecting BESS, while ensuring robustness against non-ideal conditions like CT saturation, synchronization error, CT error, noise, and outliers.
ISSN:2590-1230