Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity

Abstract Centaurea species contain medicinally bioactive compounds. The capping, stabilization, and reduction of silver ions by the bioactive compounds in Centaurea saligna are crucial for the formation of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, with its wide-ranging applications, is a significant dis...

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Main Author: Esma Nur Gecer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11970-3
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author Esma Nur Gecer
author_facet Esma Nur Gecer
author_sort Esma Nur Gecer
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Centaurea species contain medicinally bioactive compounds. The capping, stabilization, and reduction of silver ions by the bioactive compounds in Centaurea saligna are crucial for the formation of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, with its wide-ranging applications, is a significant discipline in science. Due to the widespread application of nanoparticles, many studies have been conducted. Herein, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@cs) were produced via leaves of Centaurea saligna, and quantification of phenolics existing in leaves was established by LC–MS/MS. Furthermore, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were conducted for both the extract and the nanoparticles. The analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV–VIS, XRD, and TEM, were employed to elucidate the structure. Moreover, stability was determined by measuring the zeta potential. Scutellarin (8.67 mg/g extract), shikimic acid (3.97), and chrysin (2.67) were found as major compounds by LC–MS/MS. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, AgNPs@cs displayed an excellent effect (IC50, μg/mL, 9.27 ± 0.14) in association to BHT (12.45 ± 0.41, IC50, μg/mL). In addition, AgNPs@cs showed good activity against the tested bacteria. The absorption in UV–Vis analysis at 441 nm displayed nanoparticle formation. The size of the nanoparticle was calculated using TEM and XRD measurements, which were 16.2 nm and 18.5 nm, respectively. The zeta potential measurement confirmed the stability. It may be possible to use Centaurea saligna in the production of foods and medications.
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spelling doaj-art-11d43b9fb84c429fa52f6943d19f9a302025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-11970-3Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activityEsma Nur Gecer0Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratory, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityAbstract Centaurea species contain medicinally bioactive compounds. The capping, stabilization, and reduction of silver ions by the bioactive compounds in Centaurea saligna are crucial for the formation of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, with its wide-ranging applications, is a significant discipline in science. Due to the widespread application of nanoparticles, many studies have been conducted. Herein, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@cs) were produced via leaves of Centaurea saligna, and quantification of phenolics existing in leaves was established by LC–MS/MS. Furthermore, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were conducted for both the extract and the nanoparticles. The analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV–VIS, XRD, and TEM, were employed to elucidate the structure. Moreover, stability was determined by measuring the zeta potential. Scutellarin (8.67 mg/g extract), shikimic acid (3.97), and chrysin (2.67) were found as major compounds by LC–MS/MS. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, AgNPs@cs displayed an excellent effect (IC50, μg/mL, 9.27 ± 0.14) in association to BHT (12.45 ± 0.41, IC50, μg/mL). In addition, AgNPs@cs showed good activity against the tested bacteria. The absorption in UV–Vis analysis at 441 nm displayed nanoparticle formation. The size of the nanoparticle was calculated using TEM and XRD measurements, which were 16.2 nm and 18.5 nm, respectively. The zeta potential measurement confirmed the stability. It may be possible to use Centaurea saligna in the production of foods and medications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11970-3Silver nanoparticlesCentaurea salignaAntioxidant activityAntibacterial activity
spellingShingle Esma Nur Gecer
Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
Scientific Reports
Silver nanoparticles
Centaurea saligna
Antioxidant activity
Antibacterial activity
title Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
title_full Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
title_fullStr Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
title_short Phytochemistry of Centaurea saligna: silver nanoparticle synthesis, quantification of natural compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
title_sort phytochemistry of centaurea saligna silver nanoparticle synthesis quantification of natural compounds antioxidant and antibacterial activity
topic Silver nanoparticles
Centaurea saligna
Antioxidant activity
Antibacterial activity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11970-3
work_keys_str_mv AT esmanurgecer phytochemistryofcentaureasalignasilvernanoparticlesynthesisquantificationofnaturalcompoundsantioxidantandantibacterialactivity