Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the stud...

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Main Authors: Alfian N Rosyid, Arina D Puspitasari, Anggraini D Sensusiati, Jusak Nugraha, Muhammad Amin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19929
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author Alfian N Rosyid
Arina D Puspitasari
Anggraini D Sensusiati
Jusak Nugraha
Muhammad Amin
author_facet Alfian N Rosyid
Arina D Puspitasari
Anggraini D Sensusiati
Jusak Nugraha
Muhammad Amin
author_sort Alfian N Rosyid
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the study. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured from the blood. Chest X-ray was categorized using the Brixia index. A blood gas analysis was performed in the emergency room. Results: MMP-9 was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (1,430.09 ± 1,492.22) than in non-severe cases (819.90 ± 750.13) with p < 0.05, but not different between mortality groups. TIMP-1 was lower in non-severe cases (4.88 ± 3.49) than in severe cases (8.61 ± 9.09) with p > 0.05. The increase in MMP-9 was correlated to TIMP-1 with a linear regression value R2 = 0.945. Lung abnormalities were categorized as normal (6.9%), mild (23.6%), moderate (29.2%), and severe (40.3%). Brixia score was significantly correlated with FiO2 (r = 0.547), PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.317), and SpO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.476). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly correlated with the Brixia score (r = 0.315 and r = – 0.234, respectively), and PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.291 and r = 0.283, respectively). MMP-9 was significantly correlated with severity (r = 0.313). Conclusion: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were related to lung imaging, functional abnormalities, and severity; but were not associated with mortality.
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language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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spelling doaj-art-118b7d89a4904d5fabd28f43a68f6d1b2025-08-20T03:52:42ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-12-011812.110.3855/jidc.19929Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19Alfian N Rosyid0Arina D Puspitasari1Anggraini D Sensusiati2Jusak Nugraha3Muhammad Amin4Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaUniversitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaUniversitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaUniversitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the study. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured from the blood. Chest X-ray was categorized using the Brixia index. A blood gas analysis was performed in the emergency room. Results: MMP-9 was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (1,430.09 ± 1,492.22) than in non-severe cases (819.90 ± 750.13) with p < 0.05, but not different between mortality groups. TIMP-1 was lower in non-severe cases (4.88 ± 3.49) than in severe cases (8.61 ± 9.09) with p > 0.05. The increase in MMP-9 was correlated to TIMP-1 with a linear regression value R2 = 0.945. Lung abnormalities were categorized as normal (6.9%), mild (23.6%), moderate (29.2%), and severe (40.3%). Brixia score was significantly correlated with FiO2 (r = 0.547), PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.317), and SpO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.476). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly correlated with the Brixia score (r = 0.315 and r = – 0.234, respectively), and PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.291 and r = 0.283, respectively). MMP-9 was significantly correlated with severity (r = 0.313). Conclusion: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were related to lung imaging, functional abnormalities, and severity; but were not associated with mortality. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19929COVID-19X-rayextracellularmatrixrespiratoryinfection
spellingShingle Alfian N Rosyid
Arina D Puspitasari
Anggraini D Sensusiati
Jusak Nugraha
Muhammad Amin
Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
COVID-19
X-ray
extracellular
matrix
respiratory
infection
title Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
title_full Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
title_fullStr Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
title_short Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
title_sort demystifying the role of mmp9 and timp 1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of covid 19
topic COVID-19
X-ray
extracellular
matrix
respiratory
infection
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19929
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