Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19
Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the stud...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19929 |
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| author | Alfian N Rosyid Arina D Puspitasari Anggraini D Sensusiati Jusak Nugraha Muhammad Amin |
| author_facet | Alfian N Rosyid Arina D Puspitasari Anggraini D Sensusiati Jusak Nugraha Muhammad Amin |
| author_sort | Alfian N Rosyid |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the study. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured from the blood. Chest X-ray was categorized using the Brixia index. A blood gas analysis was performed in the emergency room.
Results: MMP-9 was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (1,430.09 ± 1,492.22) than in non-severe cases (819.90 ± 750.13) with p < 0.05, but not different between mortality groups. TIMP-1 was lower in non-severe cases (4.88 ± 3.49) than in severe cases (8.61 ± 9.09) with p > 0.05. The increase in MMP-9 was correlated to TIMP-1 with a linear regression value R2 = 0.945. Lung abnormalities were categorized as normal (6.9%), mild (23.6%), moderate (29.2%), and severe (40.3%). Brixia score was significantly correlated with FiO2 (r = 0.547), PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.317), and SpO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.476). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly correlated with the Brixia score (r = 0.315 and r = – 0.234, respectively), and PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.291 and r = 0.283, respectively). MMP-9 was significantly correlated with severity (r = 0.313).
Conclusion: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were related to lung imaging, functional abnormalities, and severity; but were not associated with mortality.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-118b7d89a4904d5fabd28f43a68f6d1b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-118b7d89a4904d5fabd28f43a68f6d1b2025-08-20T03:52:42ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-12-011812.110.3855/jidc.19929Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19Alfian N Rosyid0Arina D Puspitasari1Anggraini D Sensusiati2Jusak Nugraha3Muhammad Amin4Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaUniversitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaUniversitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaUniversitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as biomarkers for identifying lung anatomical and functional abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology: Adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized between October and December 2021 were included in the study. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured from the blood. Chest X-ray was categorized using the Brixia index. A blood gas analysis was performed in the emergency room. Results: MMP-9 was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (1,430.09 ± 1,492.22) than in non-severe cases (819.90 ± 750.13) with p < 0.05, but not different between mortality groups. TIMP-1 was lower in non-severe cases (4.88 ± 3.49) than in severe cases (8.61 ± 9.09) with p > 0.05. The increase in MMP-9 was correlated to TIMP-1 with a linear regression value R2 = 0.945. Lung abnormalities were categorized as normal (6.9%), mild (23.6%), moderate (29.2%), and severe (40.3%). Brixia score was significantly correlated with FiO2 (r = 0.547), PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.317), and SpO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.476). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were significantly correlated with the Brixia score (r = 0.315 and r = – 0.234, respectively), and PaO2/FiO2 (r = – 0.291 and r = 0.283, respectively). MMP-9 was significantly correlated with severity (r = 0.313). Conclusion: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were related to lung imaging, functional abnormalities, and severity; but were not associated with mortality. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19929COVID-19X-rayextracellularmatrixrespiratoryinfection |
| spellingShingle | Alfian N Rosyid Arina D Puspitasari Anggraini D Sensusiati Jusak Nugraha Muhammad Amin Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19 Journal of Infection in Developing Countries COVID-19 X-ray extracellular matrix respiratory infection |
| title | Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19 |
| title_full | Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19 |
| title_short | Demystifying the role of MMP9 and TIMP-1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of COVID-19 |
| title_sort | demystifying the role of mmp9 and timp 1 as markers of lung imaging and functional abnormality of covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 X-ray extracellular matrix respiratory infection |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19929 |
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