Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia
Abstract East, South, and Southeast Asia (together referred to as Southeastern Asia hereafter) have been recognized as critical areas fuelling the global circulation of seasonal influenza. However, the seasonal influenza migration network within Southeastern Asia remains unclear, including how pande...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55840-y |
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| author | Zhiyuan Chen Joseph L.-H. Tsui Jun Cai Shuo Su Cécile Viboud Louis du Plessis Philippe Lemey Moritz U. G. Kraemer Hongjie Yu |
| author_facet | Zhiyuan Chen Joseph L.-H. Tsui Jun Cai Shuo Su Cécile Viboud Louis du Plessis Philippe Lemey Moritz U. G. Kraemer Hongjie Yu |
| author_sort | Zhiyuan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract East, South, and Southeast Asia (together referred to as Southeastern Asia hereafter) have been recognized as critical areas fuelling the global circulation of seasonal influenza. However, the seasonal influenza migration network within Southeastern Asia remains unclear, including how pandemic-related disruptions altered this network. We leveraged genetic, epidemiological, and airline travel data between 2007-2023 to characterise the dispersal patterns of influenza A/H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses both out of and within Southeastern Asia, including during perturbations by the 2009 A/H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, consistent autumn-winter movement waves from Southeastern Asia to temperate regions were interrupted for both subtype/lineages, however the A/H1N1 pandemic only disrupted A/H3N2 spread. We find a higher persistence of A/H3N2 than B/Victoria circulation in Southeastern Asia and identify distinct pandemic-related disruptions in A/H3N2 antigenic evolution between two pandemics, compared to interpandemic levels; similar patterns are observed in B/Victoria using genetic distance. The internal movement structure within Southeastern Asia markedly diverged during the COVID-19 pandemic season, and to a lesser extent, during the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic season. Our findings provide insights into the heterogeneous impact of two distinct pandemic-related disruptions on influenza circulation, which can help anticipate the effects of future pandemics and potential mitigation strategies on influenza dynamics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-11558b890ce7433199f6e151519586cd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-11558b890ce7433199f6e151519586cd2025-01-12T12:29:57ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-55840-yDisruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern AsiaZhiyuan Chen0Joseph L.-H. Tsui1Jun Cai2Shuo Su3Cécile Viboud4Louis du Plessis5Philippe Lemey6Moritz U. G. Kraemer7Hongjie Yu8School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Biology, University of OxfordSchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan UniversitySchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan UniversityFogarty International Center, National Institutes of HealthDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH ZürichDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU LeuvenDepartment of Biology, University of OxfordSchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan UniversityAbstract East, South, and Southeast Asia (together referred to as Southeastern Asia hereafter) have been recognized as critical areas fuelling the global circulation of seasonal influenza. However, the seasonal influenza migration network within Southeastern Asia remains unclear, including how pandemic-related disruptions altered this network. We leveraged genetic, epidemiological, and airline travel data between 2007-2023 to characterise the dispersal patterns of influenza A/H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses both out of and within Southeastern Asia, including during perturbations by the 2009 A/H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, consistent autumn-winter movement waves from Southeastern Asia to temperate regions were interrupted for both subtype/lineages, however the A/H1N1 pandemic only disrupted A/H3N2 spread. We find a higher persistence of A/H3N2 than B/Victoria circulation in Southeastern Asia and identify distinct pandemic-related disruptions in A/H3N2 antigenic evolution between two pandemics, compared to interpandemic levels; similar patterns are observed in B/Victoria using genetic distance. The internal movement structure within Southeastern Asia markedly diverged during the COVID-19 pandemic season, and to a lesser extent, during the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic season. Our findings provide insights into the heterogeneous impact of two distinct pandemic-related disruptions on influenza circulation, which can help anticipate the effects of future pandemics and potential mitigation strategies on influenza dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55840-y |
| spellingShingle | Zhiyuan Chen Joseph L.-H. Tsui Jun Cai Shuo Su Cécile Viboud Louis du Plessis Philippe Lemey Moritz U. G. Kraemer Hongjie Yu Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia Nature Communications |
| title | Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia |
| title_full | Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia |
| title_fullStr | Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia |
| title_short | Disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics in Southeastern Asia |
| title_sort | disruption of seasonal influenza circulation and evolution during the 2009 h1n1 and covid 19 pandemics in southeastern asia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-55840-y |
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