The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen
<b>Background</b>: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and middle clinoid processes (ACPs...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Ioannis Paschopoulos George Triantafyllou Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis Sabino Luzzi Nektaria Karangeli George Tsakotos Renato Galzio Maria Piagkou |
| author_facet | Ioannis Paschopoulos George Triantafyllou Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis Sabino Luzzi Nektaria Karangeli George Tsakotos Renato Galzio Maria Piagkou |
| author_sort | Ioannis Paschopoulos |
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| description | <b>Background</b>: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and middle clinoid processes (ACPs and MCPs) surrounding the internal carotid artery (ICA)’s cavernous segment. Although extensive research has been performed on this clinically significant entity, only a few studies have been conducted on its effect on the ICA. The current study on dried skulls, using computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, aimed to investigate the CCB’s presence and potential morphological stenosis patterns. <b>Methods</b>: One hundred (100) dried adult skulls and one hundred sixty (160) skulls from CT scans of patients were obtained (a total of 520 observations). To further calculate the ICA diameter (at the ACP-MCP region) and correlate the resulting dimeters with all potential morphological stenosis patterns of the CCB, thirty (30) CTAs of patients free of the variant were selected. <b>Results</b>: Concerning the osseous pattern morphology, of the total of 520 sides, the CCB was identified in 17.1%, the complete variant (creating a caroticoclinoid foramen-CCF) was calculated in 11.5%, and the incomplete one was calculated in 5.6%. No side, sex, or age impact was identified for the CCB presence. Concerning the ICA dimensions, its diameter was calculated to be between 4 and 5 mm. Thus, we observed three morphological stenosis patterns of the CCF. A low-risk pattern of stenosis (>5 mm diameter) was observed in 40 CCFs (44.9%), an intermediate risk of stenosis (4–5 mm diameter) in 38 CCFs (38.2%), and a high risk of stenosis (<4 mm diameter) was depicted in 15 CCFs (16.8%). <b>Conclusions</b>: In the present study, we investigated the CCF presence and potential morphological stenosis patterns by calculating and correlating the ICA diameter. In 16.8% of the current sample with CCFs (irrespective of their morphology), we observed that the ICA is probably at a high risk of compression. Radiologists and neurosurgeons intervening in the area should preoperatively diagnose the possibility of ICA compression in this area. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-10d52353b6f64a23ba9bb4beac3b2d612025-01-10T13:16:38ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-12-011517610.3390/diagnostics15010076The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid ForamenIoannis Paschopoulos0George Triantafyllou1Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis2Sabino Luzzi3Nektaria Karangeli4George Tsakotos5Renato Galzio6Maria Piagkou7Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11 527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11 527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, 18 454 Nikaia, GreeceDepartment of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11 527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11 527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11 527 Athens, Greece<b>Background</b>: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and middle clinoid processes (ACPs and MCPs) surrounding the internal carotid artery (ICA)’s cavernous segment. Although extensive research has been performed on this clinically significant entity, only a few studies have been conducted on its effect on the ICA. The current study on dried skulls, using computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, aimed to investigate the CCB’s presence and potential morphological stenosis patterns. <b>Methods</b>: One hundred (100) dried adult skulls and one hundred sixty (160) skulls from CT scans of patients were obtained (a total of 520 observations). To further calculate the ICA diameter (at the ACP-MCP region) and correlate the resulting dimeters with all potential morphological stenosis patterns of the CCB, thirty (30) CTAs of patients free of the variant were selected. <b>Results</b>: Concerning the osseous pattern morphology, of the total of 520 sides, the CCB was identified in 17.1%, the complete variant (creating a caroticoclinoid foramen-CCF) was calculated in 11.5%, and the incomplete one was calculated in 5.6%. No side, sex, or age impact was identified for the CCB presence. Concerning the ICA dimensions, its diameter was calculated to be between 4 and 5 mm. Thus, we observed three morphological stenosis patterns of the CCF. A low-risk pattern of stenosis (>5 mm diameter) was observed in 40 CCFs (44.9%), an intermediate risk of stenosis (4–5 mm diameter) in 38 CCFs (38.2%), and a high risk of stenosis (<4 mm diameter) was depicted in 15 CCFs (16.8%). <b>Conclusions</b>: In the present study, we investigated the CCF presence and potential morphological stenosis patterns by calculating and correlating the ICA diameter. In 16.8% of the current sample with CCFs (irrespective of their morphology), we observed that the ICA is probably at a high risk of compression. Radiologists and neurosurgeons intervening in the area should preoperatively diagnose the possibility of ICA compression in this area.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/76caroticoclinoid barcaroticoclinoid forameninternal carotid arterycompressionclinical anatomyvariation |
| spellingShingle | Ioannis Paschopoulos George Triantafyllou Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis Sabino Luzzi Nektaria Karangeli George Tsakotos Renato Galzio Maria Piagkou The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen Diagnostics caroticoclinoid bar caroticoclinoid foramen internal carotid artery compression clinical anatomy variation |
| title | The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen |
| title_full | The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen |
| title_fullStr | The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen |
| title_short | The Morphological Stenosis Pattern of the Caroticoclinoid Foramen |
| title_sort | morphological stenosis pattern of the caroticoclinoid foramen |
| topic | caroticoclinoid bar caroticoclinoid foramen internal carotid artery compression clinical anatomy variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/76 |
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