Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms
Introduction: Simvastatin is an antilipidemic drug that has already demonstrated antibacterial activities on oral and non-oral microorganisms. Silver nanoparticles also exhibit antimicrobial properties, particularly for coating implant surfaces. In this study, we evaluated the effects of combining s...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Sindy Magri Roque Ana Carolina Furian Marcela Kim Takemoto Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte Rafaela Durrer Parolina Adriano Luís Roque Nelson Duran Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi Renata Maria Teixeira Duarte Karina Cogo Muller |
| author_facet | Sindy Magri Roque Ana Carolina Furian Marcela Kim Takemoto Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte Rafaela Durrer Parolina Adriano Luís Roque Nelson Duran Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi Renata Maria Teixeira Duarte Karina Cogo Muller |
| author_sort | Sindy Magri Roque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Simvastatin is an antilipidemic drug that has already demonstrated antibacterial activities on oral and non-oral microorganisms. Silver nanoparticles also exhibit antimicrobial properties, particularly for coating implant surfaces. In this study, we evaluated the effects of combining simvastatin with silver nanoparticles on the formation and viability of biofilms consolidated on titanium discs. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were first biosynthesized using the fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and then characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Species of <i>Streptococcus oralis</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, Methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were used and tested using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assays with concentrations of silver nanoparticles and simvastatin alone and in combination. Biofilm inhibition and viability tests were performed on titanium surfaces. Toxicity tests were also performed on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> moth larvae. Results: The silver nanoparticles had a spherical shape without the formation of aggregates as confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Dynamic Light Scattering revealed nanoparticles with an average diameter of 53.8 nm (±1.23 nm), a polydispersity index of 0.23 and a zeta potential of −25 mV (±2.19 mV). The silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the strains tested in the range of 0.001592 and 63.75, while simvastatin alone inhibited the growth of the same strains in the range of 3.125–62.5 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity test of the combination of the two substances showed a reduction in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of about two to eight times, showing synergistic effects on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and additive effects on <i>Streptococcus oralis</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. As for biofilm, sub-inhibitory concentrations of the combination of substances showed better antibacterial activity in inhibiting the formation of <i>Streptococcus oralis</i> biofilm, and this combination also proved effective in eradicating already established biofilms compared to the substances alone. The combination of silver nanoparticles and simvastatin showed low toxicity to <i>Galleria mellonella</i> moth larvae. Conclusions: The results presented indicate that the combination of the two substances could be an alternative for the prevention and reduction of biofilms on implants. These findings open up new possibilities in the search for alternatives for the treatment of peri-implant infections, as well as the possibility of using lower doses compared to single drugs, achieving the same results and reducing potential toxic effects. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0ff46e93b56f46fbaebedd5d7b98e1042024-12-27T14:45:51ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-11-011712161210.3390/ph17121612Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium BiofilmsSindy Magri Roque0Ana Carolina Furian1Marcela Kim Takemoto2Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte3Rafaela Durrer Parolina4Adriano Luís Roque5Nelson Duran6Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi7Renata Maria Teixeira Duarte8Karina Cogo Muller9Laboratório de Farmacologia de Antimicrobianos e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia de Antimicrobianos e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, BrazilDepartamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, BrazilDepartamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, BrazilDepartamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, BrazilPrograma de Pós Graduação em Medicina (Cardiologia), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, BrazilLaboratório de Carcinogenese Urogenital e Imunoterapia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, BrazilDivisão de Pesquisa em Odontologia, Universidade de Guarulhos (UNG), Guarulhos 07023-070, BrazilCentro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas—CPQBA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia 13148-218, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacologia de Antimicrobianos e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, BrazilIntroduction: Simvastatin is an antilipidemic drug that has already demonstrated antibacterial activities on oral and non-oral microorganisms. Silver nanoparticles also exhibit antimicrobial properties, particularly for coating implant surfaces. In this study, we evaluated the effects of combining simvastatin with silver nanoparticles on the formation and viability of biofilms consolidated on titanium discs. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were first biosynthesized using the fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and then characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Species of <i>Streptococcus oralis</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, Methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were used and tested using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assays with concentrations of silver nanoparticles and simvastatin alone and in combination. Biofilm inhibition and viability tests were performed on titanium surfaces. Toxicity tests were also performed on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> moth larvae. Results: The silver nanoparticles had a spherical shape without the formation of aggregates as confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Dynamic Light Scattering revealed nanoparticles with an average diameter of 53.8 nm (±1.23 nm), a polydispersity index of 0.23 and a zeta potential of −25 mV (±2.19 mV). The silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the strains tested in the range of 0.001592 and 63.75, while simvastatin alone inhibited the growth of the same strains in the range of 3.125–62.5 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity test of the combination of the two substances showed a reduction in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of about two to eight times, showing synergistic effects on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and additive effects on <i>Streptococcus oralis</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. As for biofilm, sub-inhibitory concentrations of the combination of substances showed better antibacterial activity in inhibiting the formation of <i>Streptococcus oralis</i> biofilm, and this combination also proved effective in eradicating already established biofilms compared to the substances alone. The combination of silver nanoparticles and simvastatin showed low toxicity to <i>Galleria mellonella</i> moth larvae. Conclusions: The results presented indicate that the combination of the two substances could be an alternative for the prevention and reduction of biofilms on implants. These findings open up new possibilities in the search for alternatives for the treatment of peri-implant infections, as well as the possibility of using lower doses compared to single drugs, achieving the same results and reducing potential toxic effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1612simvastatinanti-infective agentsdental implantssilver nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Sindy Magri Roque Ana Carolina Furian Marcela Kim Takemoto Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte Rafaela Durrer Parolina Adriano Luís Roque Nelson Duran Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi Renata Maria Teixeira Duarte Karina Cogo Muller Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms Pharmaceuticals simvastatin anti-infective agents dental implants silver nanoparticles |
| title | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms |
| title_full | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms |
| title_short | Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin Association in Titanium Biofilms |
| title_sort | biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and simvastatin association in titanium biofilms |
| topic | simvastatin anti-infective agents dental implants silver nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1612 |
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