Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp
This study investigates the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for manufacturing catalytic static mixers during biodiesel synthesis. The printed catalytic mixing elements comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic with 15 wt% calcium...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724003870 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846160377335775232 |
|---|---|
| author | Kritsakon Pongraktham Krit Somnuk |
| author_facet | Kritsakon Pongraktham Krit Somnuk |
| author_sort | Kritsakon Pongraktham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for manufacturing catalytic static mixers during biodiesel synthesis. The printed catalytic mixing elements comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic with 15 wt% calcium oxide (CaO) as a solid catalyst. When the reactants flowed through the CaO/ABS mixing device, the blending and acceleration processes were both significantly impacted. Moreover, their characteristics, performance in biodiesel production, reusability, and economy were analyzed. The effects of methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, circulation time, and sonication time on methyl ester (ME) purity were also examined. The results showed that CaO crystals were distributed on the CaO/ABS mixer’s surface, which is crucial for catalytic purposes. During circulation process of ME from pretreated sludge palm oil (PSPO), catalytic static mixer (CSM) and CSM coupled with ultrasound (CSM/US) reactors were employed. The full ultrasonic power of CSM/US reactor of 16 × 400 W (total 6400 W) was operated at 20 kHz frequency. Moreover, the continuous and pulse ultrasonic modes of CSM/US reactor were compared to determine the ME purity and electricity consumption for ME production. For the CSM reactor, 12:1 M:O molar ratio and 8.5 h circulation time were recommended to realize 94.2 wt% ME purity. For the CSM/US reactor, 12:1 M:O molar ratio and 2.25 h circulation time were recommended to achieve 96.5 wt% ME purity. Under the pulsed mode operation, ME purity of 95.09 wt% was achieved, with a reduction in electricity consumption by approximately 37.6 % compared to continuous mode operation. Furthermore, the CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer was determined to be reusable for up to three cycles in both CSM and CSM/US reactors. Thus, CaO/ABS catalytic static mixers assure high purity ME production through FDM 3D printing technology with a CaO solid catalyst. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0f25076c397543a09949034ac839e89b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1350-4177 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-0f25076c397543a09949034ac839e89b2024-11-22T07:36:52ZengElsevierUltrasonics Sonochemistry1350-41772024-12-01111107138Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clampKritsakon Pongraktham0Krit Somnuk1Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, ThailandCorresponding author.; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, ThailandThis study investigates the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for manufacturing catalytic static mixers during biodiesel synthesis. The printed catalytic mixing elements comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic with 15 wt% calcium oxide (CaO) as a solid catalyst. When the reactants flowed through the CaO/ABS mixing device, the blending and acceleration processes were both significantly impacted. Moreover, their characteristics, performance in biodiesel production, reusability, and economy were analyzed. The effects of methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, circulation time, and sonication time on methyl ester (ME) purity were also examined. The results showed that CaO crystals were distributed on the CaO/ABS mixer’s surface, which is crucial for catalytic purposes. During circulation process of ME from pretreated sludge palm oil (PSPO), catalytic static mixer (CSM) and CSM coupled with ultrasound (CSM/US) reactors were employed. The full ultrasonic power of CSM/US reactor of 16 × 400 W (total 6400 W) was operated at 20 kHz frequency. Moreover, the continuous and pulse ultrasonic modes of CSM/US reactor were compared to determine the ME purity and electricity consumption for ME production. For the CSM reactor, 12:1 M:O molar ratio and 8.5 h circulation time were recommended to realize 94.2 wt% ME purity. For the CSM/US reactor, 12:1 M:O molar ratio and 2.25 h circulation time were recommended to achieve 96.5 wt% ME purity. Under the pulsed mode operation, ME purity of 95.09 wt% was achieved, with a reduction in electricity consumption by approximately 37.6 % compared to continuous mode operation. Furthermore, the CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer was determined to be reusable for up to three cycles in both CSM and CSM/US reactors. Thus, CaO/ABS catalytic static mixers assure high purity ME production through FDM 3D printing technology with a CaO solid catalyst.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S13504177240038703D printingBiodiesel productionCatalytic static mixerHeterogeneous catalystSludge palm oilUltrasound |
| spellingShingle | Kritsakon Pongraktham Krit Somnuk Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 3D printing Biodiesel production Catalytic static mixer Heterogeneous catalyst Sludge palm oil Ultrasound |
| title | Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp |
| title_full | Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp |
| title_fullStr | Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp |
| title_short | Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp |
| title_sort | circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using cao abs catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp |
| topic | 3D printing Biodiesel production Catalytic static mixer Heterogeneous catalyst Sludge palm oil Ultrasound |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724003870 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kritsakonpongraktham circulationprocessofmethylesterproductionfrompretreatedsludgepalmoilusingcaoabscatalyticstaticmixercoupledwithanultrasonicclamp AT kritsomnuk circulationprocessofmethylesterproductionfrompretreatedsludgepalmoilusingcaoabscatalyticstaticmixercoupledwithanultrasonicclamp |