Lead and cadmium toxicity effects on the Pinus roxburghii seed germination and early seedling growth in different environments

Lead and cadmium toxicity effects on the Pinus roxburghii seed germination and early seedling growth in different environments

Heavy metal toxicity affects germination, seedling growth, and other physiological processes in plants. To assess the toxic effects of heavy metals on the seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus roxburghii, we tested lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) at multiple concentrations ranging from 30–180 mg/...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shabana Bibi, Tour Jan, Nasrullah Khan, Muhammad Wahab, Mohammad K. Okla, Bandar M. Almunqedhi, Ibrahim A. Saleh, Yasmeen A. Alwasel, Saud Alamri, Hayat Ullah, Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-08-01
Series:PeerJ
Subjects:
Pinus roxgburghii
Germination
Seedling growth
Organic osmolytes
Heavy metals tolerance
Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19593.pdf
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