Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink
For this research, three hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides, HPAAB, HPAAF, and HPAAS, with multiple hydrophobic monomers were designed, synthesized, and used as thickeners in aqueous ink for digital ink-jet printing. The structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analys...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5105 |
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| author | Zhi-Rui Liu Li-Lin Tan Juan Gao Zi-Ye Qin Xin-Xin Huo Zhi-Min Liang |
| author_facet | Zhi-Rui Liu Li-Lin Tan Juan Gao Zi-Ye Qin Xin-Xin Huo Zhi-Min Liang |
| author_sort | Zhi-Rui Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For this research, three hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides, HPAAB, HPAAF, and HPAAS, with multiple hydrophobic monomers were designed, synthesized, and used as thickeners in aqueous ink for digital ink-jet printing. The structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The viscosity–average molecular weight was determined by intrinsic viscosity determination and was adjusted according to hydrophobic content. The critical association concentration (CAC) of polymers was measured simultaneously using the apparent viscosity method and the fluorescence spectrum. The formation of a network structure and the mechanism of hydrophobic association are visualized dynamically with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different concentrations. Under the same conditions, HPAAB exhibited excellent thickening ability across different pH levels, temperatures, and shear rates, which is caused by the longer hydrophobic side chain and the stronger hydrophobic effect of the behenyl polyoxyethylene ether methacrylate (BEM) group. Furthermore, an aqueous ink using HPAAB as a thickener displays significant printability and stability, functioning much better than a corresponding aqueous ink that uses a commercial thickener. This is the first example of a hydrophobic associating polyacrylamide, incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic units within a single hydrophobic chain, thereby serving as an efficient thickener for aqueous ink. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0eb051e5dd9f46729b1e727eb2c322ea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-0eb051e5dd9f46729b1e727eb2c322ea2024-11-08T14:38:21ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-10-012921510510.3390/molecules29215105Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous InkZhi-Rui Liu0Li-Lin Tan1Juan Gao2Zi-Ye Qin3Xin-Xin Huo4Zhi-Min Liang5Shantou Engineering Technology Research Center for Green and Precise Manufacturing of High-Value Chemicals, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, ChinaShantou Engineering Technology Research Center for Green and Precise Manufacturing of High-Value Chemicals, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, ChinaShantou Engineering Technology Research Center for Green and Precise Manufacturing of High-Value Chemicals, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, ChinaShantou Engineering Technology Research Center for Green and Precise Manufacturing of High-Value Chemicals, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, ChinaShantou Engineering Technology Research Center for Green and Precise Manufacturing of High-Value Chemicals, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, ChinaShantou Engineering Technology Research Center for Green and Precise Manufacturing of High-Value Chemicals, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, ChinaFor this research, three hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides, HPAAB, HPAAF, and HPAAS, with multiple hydrophobic monomers were designed, synthesized, and used as thickeners in aqueous ink for digital ink-jet printing. The structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The viscosity–average molecular weight was determined by intrinsic viscosity determination and was adjusted according to hydrophobic content. The critical association concentration (CAC) of polymers was measured simultaneously using the apparent viscosity method and the fluorescence spectrum. The formation of a network structure and the mechanism of hydrophobic association are visualized dynamically with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different concentrations. Under the same conditions, HPAAB exhibited excellent thickening ability across different pH levels, temperatures, and shear rates, which is caused by the longer hydrophobic side chain and the stronger hydrophobic effect of the behenyl polyoxyethylene ether methacrylate (BEM) group. Furthermore, an aqueous ink using HPAAB as a thickener displays significant printability and stability, functioning much better than a corresponding aqueous ink that uses a commercial thickener. This is the first example of a hydrophobic associating polyacrylamide, incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic units within a single hydrophobic chain, thereby serving as an efficient thickener for aqueous ink.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5105hydrophobic associationpolyacrylamideaqueous inkprintabilitystability |
| spellingShingle | Zhi-Rui Liu Li-Lin Tan Juan Gao Zi-Ye Qin Xin-Xin Huo Zhi-Min Liang Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink Molecules hydrophobic association polyacrylamide aqueous ink printability stability |
| title | Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink |
| title_full | Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink |
| title_fullStr | Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink |
| title_short | Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide Incorporating Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Units: Enhanced Printability and Stability in Aqueous Ink |
| title_sort | hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide incorporating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic units enhanced printability and stability in aqueous ink |
| topic | hydrophobic association polyacrylamide aqueous ink printability stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5105 |
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