Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The research focuses on structural geological mapping and fracture analysis of part of Kala-Chitta Range, Himalayan foothills, northern Pakistan. The area exhibits complex geological settings characterized by intense deformation with eight litho-stratigraphic units ranging from the Late Jurassic to...

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Main Authors: Saad Ahmed Mashwani, Mumtaz Ali Khan, Hadayat Ullah, Ehsan ul Haq, Muhammad Zaheer, Saqib Mehmood, Muavia, Raja Usman, Shahzad Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-11-01
Series:Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/24749508.2024.2429844
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author Saad Ahmed Mashwani
Mumtaz Ali Khan
Hadayat Ullah
Ehsan ul Haq
Muhammad Zaheer
Saqib Mehmood
Muavia
Raja Usman
Shahzad Khan
author_facet Saad Ahmed Mashwani
Mumtaz Ali Khan
Hadayat Ullah
Ehsan ul Haq
Muhammad Zaheer
Saqib Mehmood
Muavia
Raja Usman
Shahzad Khan
author_sort Saad Ahmed Mashwani
collection DOAJ
description The research focuses on structural geological mapping and fracture analysis of part of Kala-Chitta Range, Himalayan foothills, northern Pakistan. The area exhibits complex geological settings characterized by intense deformation with eight litho-stratigraphic units ranging from the Late Jurassic to Paleocene. The outcropping rocks have well recorded imprints of Himalayan deformation and are represented by common east-west trending series of parallel synclines and anticlines. The study area features southward-directed thrust faults caused by north-south compressional stresses, indicating two distinct deformational phases. The internal stress within the basin causes thrust faults and compression. Most of the thrusts are northward dipping fore thrusts. The mesoscopic fracture analysis was conducted at six stations across the study area where fracture sets were nicely developed. The interpretation relied on field observations, orientation diagrams and graphical techniques. The data gathered from field observations were used to measure petrophysical properties including fracture density, fracture porosity and permeability within different formations of the study area. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the fractures are generally NW-SE oriented. The interpretation of fractures set indicates that the principal stress direction (Õ1) is NNW-SSE whereas the minimum stress direction (Õ3) is NEE-SWW.
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issn 2474-9508
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publishDate 2024-11-01
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series Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes
spelling doaj-art-0e2907cabd9445d9bbe0b01d56c207f32024-11-27T05:25:51ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGeology, Ecology, and Landscapes2474-95082024-11-0112010.1080/24749508.2024.2429844Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanSaad Ahmed Mashwani0Mumtaz Ali Khan1Hadayat Ullah2Ehsan ul Haq3Muhammad Zaheer4Saqib Mehmood5Muavia6Raja Usman7Shahzad Khan8Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, PakistanThe research focuses on structural geological mapping and fracture analysis of part of Kala-Chitta Range, Himalayan foothills, northern Pakistan. The area exhibits complex geological settings characterized by intense deformation with eight litho-stratigraphic units ranging from the Late Jurassic to Paleocene. The outcropping rocks have well recorded imprints of Himalayan deformation and are represented by common east-west trending series of parallel synclines and anticlines. The study area features southward-directed thrust faults caused by north-south compressional stresses, indicating two distinct deformational phases. The internal stress within the basin causes thrust faults and compression. Most of the thrusts are northward dipping fore thrusts. The mesoscopic fracture analysis was conducted at six stations across the study area where fracture sets were nicely developed. The interpretation relied on field observations, orientation diagrams and graphical techniques. The data gathered from field observations were used to measure petrophysical properties including fracture density, fracture porosity and permeability within different formations of the study area. The results of the analysis revealed that most of the fractures are generally NW-SE oriented. The interpretation of fractures set indicates that the principal stress direction (Õ1) is NNW-SSE whereas the minimum stress direction (Õ3) is NEE-SWW.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/24749508.2024.2429844Hissartanglithostratigraphicfield mappingfracturedstress direction
spellingShingle Saad Ahmed Mashwani
Mumtaz Ali Khan
Hadayat Ullah
Ehsan ul Haq
Muhammad Zaheer
Saqib Mehmood
Muavia
Raja Usman
Shahzad Khan
Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes
Hissartang
lithostratigraphic
field mapping
fractured
stress direction
title Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_full Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_fullStr Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_short Structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas, part of Kala Chitta Range, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_sort structural analysis and geological mapping of khawri khwar section and adjacent areas part of kala chitta range nizampur khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan
topic Hissartang
lithostratigraphic
field mapping
fractured
stress direction
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/24749508.2024.2429844
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