Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort

Introduction Disruption of lipid metabolism is implicated in gestational diabetes (GDM). However, prospective studies on lipidomics and GDM risk in race/ethnically diverse populations are sparse. Here, we aimed to (1) identify lipid networks in early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy that are associated wi...

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Main Authors: Yeyi Zhu, Cuilin Zhang, Paul S Albert, Mohammad L Rahman, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Michael Y Tsai, Xiaobin Wang, Yen-Chen A Feng, Oliver Fiehn, Liming Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2021-03-01
Series:BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
Online Access:https://drc.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001551.full
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author Yeyi Zhu
Cuilin Zhang
Paul S Albert
Mohammad L Rahman
Fasil Tekola-Ayele
Michael Y Tsai
Xiaobin Wang
Yen-Chen A Feng
Oliver Fiehn
Liming Liang
author_facet Yeyi Zhu
Cuilin Zhang
Paul S Albert
Mohammad L Rahman
Fasil Tekola-Ayele
Michael Y Tsai
Xiaobin Wang
Yen-Chen A Feng
Oliver Fiehn
Liming Liang
author_sort Yeyi Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Disruption of lipid metabolism is implicated in gestational diabetes (GDM). However, prospective studies on lipidomics and GDM risk in race/ethnically diverse populations are sparse. Here, we aimed to (1) identify lipid networks in early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy that are associated with subsequent GDM risk and (2) examine the associations of lipid networks with glycemic biomarkers to understand the underlying mechanisms.Research design and methods This study included 107 GDM cases confirmed using the Carpenter and Coustan criteria and 214 non-GDM matched controls from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort, untargeted lipidomics data of 420 metabolites (328 annotated and 92 unannotated), and information on glycemic biomarkers in maternal plasma at visit 0 (10–14 weeks) and visit 1 (15–26 weeks). We constructed lipid networks using weighted correlation network analysis technique. We examined prospective associations of lipid networks and individual lipids with GDM risk using linear mixed effect models. Furthermore, we calculated Pearson’s partial correlation for GDM-related lipid networks and individual lipids with plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glycated hemoglobin at both study visits.Results Lipid networks primarily characterized by elevated plasma diglycerides and short, saturated/low unsaturated triglycerides and lower plasma cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines were associated with higher risk of developing GDM (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05). Among individual lipids, 58 metabolites at visit 0 and 96 metabolites at visit 1 (40 metabolites at both time points) significantly differed between women who developed GDM and who did not (FDR <0.05). Furthermore, GDM-related lipid networks and individual lipids showed consistent correlations with maternal glycemic markers particularly in early pregnancy at visit 0.Conclusions Plasma lipid metabolites in early pregnancy both individually and interactively in distinct networks were associated with subsequent GDM risk in race/ethnically diverse US women. Future research is warranted to assess lipid metabolites as etiologic markers of GDM.
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spelling doaj-art-0e1deca2e5c7467db7364167db9eb6e62024-12-12T10:30:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care2052-48972021-03-019110.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001551Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohortYeyi Zhu0Cuilin Zhang1Paul S Albert2Mohammad L Rahman3Fasil Tekola-Ayele4Michael Y Tsai5Xiaobin Wang6Yen-Chen A Feng7Oliver Fiehn8Liming Liang9Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USAEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA4 Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USADivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USAEpidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USADepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USALaboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Interventional Cancer Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaMassachusetts General Hospital Center for Genomic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA6 West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USAIntroduction Disruption of lipid metabolism is implicated in gestational diabetes (GDM). However, prospective studies on lipidomics and GDM risk in race/ethnically diverse populations are sparse. Here, we aimed to (1) identify lipid networks in early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy that are associated with subsequent GDM risk and (2) examine the associations of lipid networks with glycemic biomarkers to understand the underlying mechanisms.Research design and methods This study included 107 GDM cases confirmed using the Carpenter and Coustan criteria and 214 non-GDM matched controls from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort, untargeted lipidomics data of 420 metabolites (328 annotated and 92 unannotated), and information on glycemic biomarkers in maternal plasma at visit 0 (10–14 weeks) and visit 1 (15–26 weeks). We constructed lipid networks using weighted correlation network analysis technique. We examined prospective associations of lipid networks and individual lipids with GDM risk using linear mixed effect models. Furthermore, we calculated Pearson’s partial correlation for GDM-related lipid networks and individual lipids with plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glycated hemoglobin at both study visits.Results Lipid networks primarily characterized by elevated plasma diglycerides and short, saturated/low unsaturated triglycerides and lower plasma cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines were associated with higher risk of developing GDM (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05). Among individual lipids, 58 metabolites at visit 0 and 96 metabolites at visit 1 (40 metabolites at both time points) significantly differed between women who developed GDM and who did not (FDR <0.05). Furthermore, GDM-related lipid networks and individual lipids showed consistent correlations with maternal glycemic markers particularly in early pregnancy at visit 0.Conclusions Plasma lipid metabolites in early pregnancy both individually and interactively in distinct networks were associated with subsequent GDM risk in race/ethnically diverse US women. Future research is warranted to assess lipid metabolites as etiologic markers of GDM.https://drc.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001551.full
spellingShingle Yeyi Zhu
Cuilin Zhang
Paul S Albert
Mohammad L Rahman
Fasil Tekola-Ayele
Michael Y Tsai
Xiaobin Wang
Yen-Chen A Feng
Oliver Fiehn
Liming Liang
Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
title Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
title_full Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
title_fullStr Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
title_full_unstemmed Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
title_short Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
title_sort plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk a prospective study in a multiracial ethnic cohort
url https://drc.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001551.full
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