Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays
This paper investigates the use of spent tyre rubber as a precursor for synthesising adsorbents to recover rare earth elements. Through pyrolysis and CO<sub>2</sub> activation, tyre rubber is converted into porous carbonaceous materials with surface properties suited for rare earth eleme...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Miguel Nogueira Inês Matos Maria Bernardo Filomena Pinto Isabel Fonseca Nuno Lapa |
| author_facet | Miguel Nogueira Inês Matos Maria Bernardo Filomena Pinto Isabel Fonseca Nuno Lapa |
| author_sort | Miguel Nogueira |
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| description | This paper investigates the use of spent tyre rubber as a precursor for synthesising adsorbents to recover rare earth elements. Through pyrolysis and CO<sub>2</sub> activation, tyre rubber is converted into porous carbonaceous materials with surface properties suited for rare earth element adsorption. The study also examines the efficiency of leaching rare earth elements from NdFeB magnets using optimised acid leaching methods, providing insights into recovery processes. The adsorption capacity of the materials was assessed through batch adsorption assays targeting neodymium (Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺) and dysprosium (Dy<sup>3</sup>⁺) ions. Results highlight the superior performance of activated carbon derived from tyre rubber following CO<sub>2</sub> activation, with the best-performing adsorbent achieving maximum uptake capacities of 24.7 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> for Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ and 34.4 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> for Dy<sup>3</sup>⁺. Column studies revealed efficient adsorption of Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ and Dy<sup>3</sup>⁺ from synthetic and real magnet leachates with a maximum uptake capacity of 1.36 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> for Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ in real leachates and breakthrough times of 25 min. Bi-component assays showed no adverse effects when both ions were present, supporting their potential for simultaneous recovery. Furthermore, the adsorbents effectively recovered rare earth elements from e-waste magnet leachates, demonstrating practical applicability. This research underscores the potential of tyre rubber-derived adsorbents to enhance sustainability in critical raw material supply chains. By repurposing waste tyre rubber, these materials offer a sustainable solution for rare earth recovery, addressing resource scarcity while aligning with circular economy principles by diverting waste from landfills and creating value-added products. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0de72e47d0af4f97b98f2ab20b7abe48 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-0de72e47d0af4f97b98f2ab20b7abe482025-01-10T13:18:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-013019210.3390/molecules30010092Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic AssaysMiguel Nogueira0Inês Matos1Maria Bernardo2Filomena Pinto3Isabel Fonseca4Nuno Lapa5LAQV/REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalLAQV/REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalLAQV/REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalUBB-LNEG, Bioenergy and Biorrefineries Unit, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, 1649-038 Lisboa, PortugalLAQV/REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalLAQV/REQUIMTE, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalThis paper investigates the use of spent tyre rubber as a precursor for synthesising adsorbents to recover rare earth elements. Through pyrolysis and CO<sub>2</sub> activation, tyre rubber is converted into porous carbonaceous materials with surface properties suited for rare earth element adsorption. The study also examines the efficiency of leaching rare earth elements from NdFeB magnets using optimised acid leaching methods, providing insights into recovery processes. The adsorption capacity of the materials was assessed through batch adsorption assays targeting neodymium (Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺) and dysprosium (Dy<sup>3</sup>⁺) ions. Results highlight the superior performance of activated carbon derived from tyre rubber following CO<sub>2</sub> activation, with the best-performing adsorbent achieving maximum uptake capacities of 24.7 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> for Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ and 34.4 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> for Dy<sup>3</sup>⁺. Column studies revealed efficient adsorption of Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ and Dy<sup>3</sup>⁺ from synthetic and real magnet leachates with a maximum uptake capacity of 1.36 mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> for Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ in real leachates and breakthrough times of 25 min. Bi-component assays showed no adverse effects when both ions were present, supporting their potential for simultaneous recovery. Furthermore, the adsorbents effectively recovered rare earth elements from e-waste magnet leachates, demonstrating practical applicability. This research underscores the potential of tyre rubber-derived adsorbents to enhance sustainability in critical raw material supply chains. By repurposing waste tyre rubber, these materials offer a sustainable solution for rare earth recovery, addressing resource scarcity while aligning with circular economy principles by diverting waste from landfills and creating value-added products.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/92rare earth elementsneodymium (Nd)dysprosium (Dy)spent tyre rubberpyrolytic carbon adsorbentsadsorption |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Nogueira Inês Matos Maria Bernardo Filomena Pinto Isabel Fonseca Nuno Lapa Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays Molecules rare earth elements neodymium (Nd) dysprosium (Dy) spent tyre rubber pyrolytic carbon adsorbents adsorption |
| title | Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays |
| title_full | Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays |
| title_short | Recovery of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Dy<sup>3+</sup> from E-Waste Using Adsorbents from Spent Tyre Rubbers: Batch and Column Dynamic Assays |
| title_sort | recovery of nd sup 3 sup and dy sup 3 sup from e waste using adsorbents from spent tyre rubbers batch and column dynamic assays |
| topic | rare earth elements neodymium (Nd) dysprosium (Dy) spent tyre rubber pyrolytic carbon adsorbents adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/92 |
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