The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series
Mudflat wetland, one of the 27 surface elements identified by the International Geographic Data Committee, has undergone substantial transformations with the rapid growth of the social economy and marine hazards, resulting in significant changes in its area and distribution. Quick identification of...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Zicheng Huang Wei Tang Chengyi Zhao Caixia Jiao Jianting Zhu |
| author_facet | Zicheng Huang Wei Tang Chengyi Zhao Caixia Jiao Jianting Zhu |
| author_sort | Zicheng Huang |
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| description | Mudflat wetland, one of the 27 surface elements identified by the International Geographic Data Committee, has undergone substantial transformations with the rapid growth of the social economy and marine hazards, resulting in significant changes in its area and distribution. Quick identification of mudflat wetland evolution is vital to improve the mudflat ecological service value. We employed object-oriented and decision tree classification methods to map the mudflat wetland in the Yellow Sea using the Landsat time series from 1983 to 2020. The Improved Spectral Water Index (IWI) was established by combining the characteristics of many ratio indices and using ratio operation and quadratic power operation. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the IWI was calculated, and the range of the intertidal zone in 1983, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 was obtained by using a threshold method. The results indicate that the mudflat wetland area decreased continuously from 1983 to 2020, with a reduction of 337.38 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. Among the total area, the natural wetland experienced a decline of 446.9 km<sup>2</sup>/10a, with the most drastic changes occurring between 2000 and 2010. In contrast, the area of the human-made wetland increased by 109.56 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. Over the 38 years, the tidal flat has undergone the most drastic reduction, with an average of 157.45 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. From 1983 to 2020, the intertidal zone area decreased, with a reduction of 429.02 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. Human activities were the key factors causing mudflat wetland loss. Based on these findings, we propose several policy suggestions. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the synergetic evolution mechanism of coastal resources utilization and mudflat wetland protection under global change. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0d25dfb149c74da991743299847e9384 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-0d25dfb149c74da991743299847e93842024-11-26T18:19:55ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011622419010.3390/rs16224190The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time SeriesZicheng Huang0Wei Tang1Chengyi Zhao2Caixia Jiao3Jianting Zhu4Land Science Research Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaHebei Meteorological Technology and Equipment Center, Shijiazhuang 050022, ChinaLand Science Research Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaLand Science Research Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Construction Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USAMudflat wetland, one of the 27 surface elements identified by the International Geographic Data Committee, has undergone substantial transformations with the rapid growth of the social economy and marine hazards, resulting in significant changes in its area and distribution. Quick identification of mudflat wetland evolution is vital to improve the mudflat ecological service value. We employed object-oriented and decision tree classification methods to map the mudflat wetland in the Yellow Sea using the Landsat time series from 1983 to 2020. The Improved Spectral Water Index (IWI) was established by combining the characteristics of many ratio indices and using ratio operation and quadratic power operation. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the IWI was calculated, and the range of the intertidal zone in 1983, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 was obtained by using a threshold method. The results indicate that the mudflat wetland area decreased continuously from 1983 to 2020, with a reduction of 337.38 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. Among the total area, the natural wetland experienced a decline of 446.9 km<sup>2</sup>/10a, with the most drastic changes occurring between 2000 and 2010. In contrast, the area of the human-made wetland increased by 109.56 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. Over the 38 years, the tidal flat has undergone the most drastic reduction, with an average of 157.45 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. From 1983 to 2020, the intertidal zone area decreased, with a reduction of 429.02 km<sup>2</sup>/10a. Human activities were the key factors causing mudflat wetland loss. Based on these findings, we propose several policy suggestions. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the synergetic evolution mechanism of coastal resources utilization and mudflat wetland protection under global change.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4190Landsatmudflat wetlandwetland degradationintertidal zoneremote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Zicheng Huang Wei Tang Chengyi Zhao Caixia Jiao Jianting Zhu The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series Remote Sensing Landsat mudflat wetland wetland degradation intertidal zone remote sensing |
| title | The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series |
| title_full | The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series |
| title_fullStr | The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series |
| title_short | The Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Mudflat Wetland in the Yellow Sea Using Landsat Time Series |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal evolution of the mudflat wetland in the yellow sea using landsat time series |
| topic | Landsat mudflat wetland wetland degradation intertidal zone remote sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4190 |
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