Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton)
This study evaluated the impact of various doses (5, 10, 15 g) and application sequences (1, 2, or 3 times at monthly intervals) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculum on cardamom seedlings over two years (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The results indicated that the dosage of AM inoculum had a m...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024152589 |
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| author | Sarathambal Chinnathambi Mohammed Faisal Peeran Veeraraghavan Srinivasan Sivasankaran Mukesh Sankar Priya George |
| author_facet | Sarathambal Chinnathambi Mohammed Faisal Peeran Veeraraghavan Srinivasan Sivasankaran Mukesh Sankar Priya George |
| author_sort | Sarathambal Chinnathambi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the impact of various doses (5, 10, 15 g) and application sequences (1, 2, or 3 times at monthly intervals) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculum on cardamom seedlings over two years (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The results indicated that the dosage of AM inoculum had a more substantial effect on the seedlings than the application sequence. A 10 g dose significantly increased shoot length and dry weight, while three applications of 5 g each improved the number of fibrous roots. Although potassium uptake was not affected, phosphorus and calcium uptake were highest with the 10 g dose. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation also enhanced phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere, with 5 g improving acid phosphatase and 10 g improving alkaline phosphatase activity. Disease incidence, including seedling rot was lower with the 10 g dose, and additional sequential applications did not further reduce disease. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that AM colonization positively influenced dry weight through the number of fibrous roots, showing a strong relationship between AM dose, colonization, spore count, and mycorrhizal dependency. This study indicates that applying a 10 g dose of AM fungal inoculum can be particularly beneficial in agroecosystems for improving cardamom seedling growth, nutrient uptake, and disease resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0cc7afca40c5445d828a66f2dbbe6f40 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-0cc7afca40c5445d828a66f2dbbe6f402024-11-12T05:20:07ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-10-011020e39227Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton)Sarathambal Chinnathambi0Mohammed Faisal Peeran1Veeraraghavan Srinivasan2Sivasankaran Mukesh Sankar3Priya George4ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, India; Corresponding author.ICAR-IISR Regional Station, Appangala, Karnataka, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaThis study evaluated the impact of various doses (5, 10, 15 g) and application sequences (1, 2, or 3 times at monthly intervals) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculum on cardamom seedlings over two years (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The results indicated that the dosage of AM inoculum had a more substantial effect on the seedlings than the application sequence. A 10 g dose significantly increased shoot length and dry weight, while three applications of 5 g each improved the number of fibrous roots. Although potassium uptake was not affected, phosphorus and calcium uptake were highest with the 10 g dose. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation also enhanced phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere, with 5 g improving acid phosphatase and 10 g improving alkaline phosphatase activity. Disease incidence, including seedling rot was lower with the 10 g dose, and additional sequential applications did not further reduce disease. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that AM colonization positively influenced dry weight through the number of fibrous roots, showing a strong relationship between AM dose, colonization, spore count, and mycorrhizal dependency. This study indicates that applying a 10 g dose of AM fungal inoculum can be particularly beneficial in agroecosystems for improving cardamom seedling growth, nutrient uptake, and disease resistance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024152589Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonizationCardamomDisease incidenceNutrient uptakePlant analysisStructural equation modelling |
| spellingShingle | Sarathambal Chinnathambi Mohammed Faisal Peeran Veeraraghavan Srinivasan Sivasankaran Mukesh Sankar Priya George Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Heliyon Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization Cardamom Disease incidence Nutrient uptake Plant analysis Structural equation modelling |
| title | Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) |
| title_full | Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) |
| title_short | Optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake, growth, and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) |
| title_sort | optimizing mycorrhizal fungi application for improved nutrient uptake growth and disease resistance in cardamom seedlings elettaria cardamomum l maton |
| topic | Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization Cardamom Disease incidence Nutrient uptake Plant analysis Structural equation modelling |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024152589 |
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