Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations
Landslide risks in open-pit mine areas are heightened by artificial slope modifications necessary for mining operations, endangering human life and property. On 22 February 2023, a catastrophic landslide occurred at the Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia, China, resulting in 53 fatalities...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/19 |
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| author | Fengnian Chang Houyu Li Shaochun Dong Hongwei Yin |
| author_facet | Fengnian Chang Houyu Li Shaochun Dong Hongwei Yin |
| author_sort | Fengnian Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Landslide risks in open-pit mine areas are heightened by artificial slope modifications necessary for mining operations, endangering human life and property. On 22 February 2023, a catastrophic landslide occurred at the Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia, China, resulting in 53 fatalities and economic losses totaling 28.7 million USD. Investigating the pre-, co-, and post-failure deformation processes and exploring the potential driving mechanisms are crucial to preventing similar tragedies. In this study, we used multi-source optical and radar images alongside satellite geodetic methods to analyze the event. The results revealed pre-failure acceleration at the slope toe, large-scale southward displacement during collapse, and ongoing deformation across the mine area due to mining operations and waste accumulation. The collapse was primarily triggered by an excessively steep, non-compliant artificial slope design and continuous excavation at the slope’s base. Furthermore, our experiments indicated that the commonly used Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) significantly underestimated landslide deformation due to the maximum detectable deformation gradient (MDDG) limitation. In contrast, the high-spatial-resolution Fucheng-1 provided more accurate monitoring results with a higher MDDG. This underscores the importance of carefully assessing the MDDG when employing InSAR techniques to monitor rapid deformation in mining areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ba5f5505ce543558fcb7aaf8c589525 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ba5f5505ce543558fcb7aaf8c5895252025-01-10T13:19:58ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011711910.3390/rs17010019Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing ObservationsFengnian Chang0Houyu Li1Shaochun Dong2Hongwei Yin3School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaLandslide risks in open-pit mine areas are heightened by artificial slope modifications necessary for mining operations, endangering human life and property. On 22 February 2023, a catastrophic landslide occurred at the Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine in Inner Mongolia, China, resulting in 53 fatalities and economic losses totaling 28.7 million USD. Investigating the pre-, co-, and post-failure deformation processes and exploring the potential driving mechanisms are crucial to preventing similar tragedies. In this study, we used multi-source optical and radar images alongside satellite geodetic methods to analyze the event. The results revealed pre-failure acceleration at the slope toe, large-scale southward displacement during collapse, and ongoing deformation across the mine area due to mining operations and waste accumulation. The collapse was primarily triggered by an excessively steep, non-compliant artificial slope design and continuous excavation at the slope’s base. Furthermore, our experiments indicated that the commonly used Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) significantly underestimated landslide deformation due to the maximum detectable deformation gradient (MDDG) limitation. In contrast, the high-spatial-resolution Fucheng-1 provided more accurate monitoring results with a higher MDDG. This underscores the importance of carefully assessing the MDDG when employing InSAR techniques to monitor rapid deformation in mining areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/19open-pit coal mine landslidedeformation analysisInSARFucheng-1Sentinel-1 |
| spellingShingle | Fengnian Chang Houyu Li Shaochun Dong Hongwei Yin Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations Remote Sensing open-pit coal mine landslide deformation analysis InSAR Fucheng-1 Sentinel-1 |
| title | Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations |
| title_full | Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations |
| title_fullStr | Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations |
| title_short | Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations |
| title_sort | pre co and post failure deformation analysis of the catastrophic xinjing open pit coal mine landslide china from optical and radar remote sensing observations |
| topic | open-pit coal mine landslide deformation analysis InSAR Fucheng-1 Sentinel-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/19 |
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