Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System
To counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks, seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system. Integrated key distribution is an important means to reduce the deployment cost, as key exchange and public transmission are per...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10750337/ |
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| author | Yuanxiang Wang Hanwen Luo Tian Qiu Linsheng Zhong Xiaoxiao Dai Qi Yang Lei Deng Deming Liu Mengfan Cheng |
| author_facet | Yuanxiang Wang Hanwen Luo Tian Qiu Linsheng Zhong Xiaoxiao Dai Qi Yang Lei Deng Deming Liu Mengfan Cheng |
| author_sort | Yuanxiang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks, seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system. Integrated key distribution is an important means to reduce the deployment cost, as key exchange and public transmission are performed over the same channel. In this paper, we propose a novel method for integrated key distribution by optical steganography based on dither-remodulation in a bias controller of the Mach-Zehnder modulator. No extra wavelength or bandwidth is used for the stealth channel, which is transmitted together within the public channel. The concealing depth of the stealth signal reaches −36.2 dB, and its steganographic effect provides additional security, which further improves the overall security of the optical physical layer. The bidirectional stealth transmission can support light-weight temporary key exchange mechanism, combined with asymmetric encryption algorithm, to achieve high security and forward/backward security of seed keys. We experimentally demonstrate a real-time integrated key distribution via optical steganography in a QNSC system. The experimental results show that a real-time bidirectional stealth link is established at a rate of 1 kbps in a fiber transmission distance of 97 km for a public QNSC transmission at a rate of 32 Gbps, providing a seed key refresh frequency of over 1 Hz. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b43a6bd0d584c96a0ce1a5ebb938e1a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b43a6bd0d584c96a0ce1a5ebb938e1a2024-11-21T00:00:09ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552024-01-011661610.1109/JPHOT.2024.349583410750337Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher SystemYuanxiang Wang0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5414-8746Hanwen Luo1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-9911Tian Qiu2Linsheng Zhong3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-499XXiaoxiao Dai4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-7493Qi Yang5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-6971Lei Deng6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-4610Deming Liu7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-2929Mengfan Cheng8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-0612Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaTo counter heterodyne measurements, correlation attacks, and known plaintext attacks, seed key refresh is critical to the security of a quantum noise stream cipher system. Integrated key distribution is an important means to reduce the deployment cost, as key exchange and public transmission are performed over the same channel. In this paper, we propose a novel method for integrated key distribution by optical steganography based on dither-remodulation in a bias controller of the Mach-Zehnder modulator. No extra wavelength or bandwidth is used for the stealth channel, which is transmitted together within the public channel. The concealing depth of the stealth signal reaches −36.2 dB, and its steganographic effect provides additional security, which further improves the overall security of the optical physical layer. The bidirectional stealth transmission can support light-weight temporary key exchange mechanism, combined with asymmetric encryption algorithm, to achieve high security and forward/backward security of seed keys. We experimentally demonstrate a real-time integrated key distribution via optical steganography in a QNSC system. The experimental results show that a real-time bidirectional stealth link is established at a rate of 1 kbps in a fiber transmission distance of 97 km for a public QNSC transmission at a rate of 32 Gbps, providing a seed key refresh frequency of over 1 Hz.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10750337/Optical steganographystealth transmissionintegrated key distribution |
| spellingShingle | Yuanxiang Wang Hanwen Luo Tian Qiu Linsheng Zhong Xiaoxiao Dai Qi Yang Lei Deng Deming Liu Mengfan Cheng Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System IEEE Photonics Journal Optical steganography stealth transmission integrated key distribution |
| title | Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System |
| title_full | Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System |
| title_short | Integrated Physical Layer Key Distribution by Optical Steganography in Quantum Noise Stream Cipher System |
| title_sort | integrated physical layer key distribution by optical steganography in quantum noise stream cipher system |
| topic | Optical steganography stealth transmission integrated key distribution |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10750337/ |
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