Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem

Abstract Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, patients may experience with one or more symptoms that appear or persist over time. Neurological symptoms associated with long COVID include anxiety, depression, and memory impairment. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood...

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Main Authors: Anthony Coleon, Florence Larrous, Lauriane Kergoat, Magali Tichit, David Hardy, Thomas Obadia, Etienne Kornobis, Hervé Bourhy, Guilherme Dias de Melo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62048-7
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author Anthony Coleon
Florence Larrous
Lauriane Kergoat
Magali Tichit
David Hardy
Thomas Obadia
Etienne Kornobis
Hervé Bourhy
Guilherme Dias de Melo
author_facet Anthony Coleon
Florence Larrous
Lauriane Kergoat
Magali Tichit
David Hardy
Thomas Obadia
Etienne Kornobis
Hervé Bourhy
Guilherme Dias de Melo
author_sort Anthony Coleon
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, patients may experience with one or more symptoms that appear or persist over time. Neurological symptoms associated with long COVID include anxiety, depression, and memory impairment. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Using golden hamsters as a model, we provide further evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is neuroinvasive and can persistently infect the brain, as viral RNA and replicative virus are detected in the brainstem 80 days after the initial infection. Infected hamsters exhibit a neurodegenerative signature in the brainstem, characterized by overexpression of innate immunity genes, and altered expression of genes involved in the dopaminergic and glutamatergic synapses, in energy metabolism, and in proteostasis. These infected animals exhibit persistent depression-like behavior, impaired short-term memory, and late-onset signs of anxiety. Finally, we provide evidence that viral and immunometabolic mechanisms coexist in the brainstem of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, contributing to the manifestation of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-0b1a539d3e994fb6aa11f600d85846a82025-08-20T03:43:22ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-62048-7Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstemAnthony Coleon0Florence Larrous1Lauriane Kergoat2Magali Tichit3David Hardy4Thomas Obadia5Etienne Kornobis6Hervé Bourhy7Guilherme Dias de Melo8Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Histopathology Core FacilityInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Histopathology Core FacilityInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HubInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HubInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology UnitInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology UnitAbstract Following infection with SARS-CoV-2, patients may experience with one or more symptoms that appear or persist over time. Neurological symptoms associated with long COVID include anxiety, depression, and memory impairment. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Using golden hamsters as a model, we provide further evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is neuroinvasive and can persistently infect the brain, as viral RNA and replicative virus are detected in the brainstem 80 days after the initial infection. Infected hamsters exhibit a neurodegenerative signature in the brainstem, characterized by overexpression of innate immunity genes, and altered expression of genes involved in the dopaminergic and glutamatergic synapses, in energy metabolism, and in proteostasis. These infected animals exhibit persistent depression-like behavior, impaired short-term memory, and late-onset signs of anxiety. Finally, we provide evidence that viral and immunometabolic mechanisms coexist in the brainstem of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, contributing to the manifestation of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62048-7
spellingShingle Anthony Coleon
Florence Larrous
Lauriane Kergoat
Magali Tichit
David Hardy
Thomas Obadia
Etienne Kornobis
Hervé Bourhy
Guilherme Dias de Melo
Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
Nature Communications
title Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
title_full Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
title_fullStr Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
title_full_unstemmed Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
title_short Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
title_sort hamsters with long covid present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62048-7
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